Менеджмент та підприємництво в Україні: етапи становлення і проблеми розвитку. – 2015. – №819
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Вісник Національного університету "Львівська політехніка".
До збірника науково-прикладних праць “Менеджмент та підприємництво в України: етапи становлення і проблеми розвитку” увійшли статті, які відображають проблеми менеджменту, підприємництва, інвестиційної та інноваційної діяльності, управління національною економікою України тощо. Для працівників підприємств, банків, інвестиційних та інноваційних структур, органів державного управління, викладачів вищих навчальних закладів, науковців, аспірантів та студентів економічних спеціальностей.
Вісник Національного університету «Львівська політехніка». Серія: Менеджмент та підприємництво в Україні: етапи становлення і проблеми розвитку : збірник наукових праць / Міністерство освіти і науки України, Національний університет «Львівська політехніка» ; голова Редакційно-видавничої ради Н. І. Чухрай. – Львів : Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015. – № 819. – 476 с. : іл.
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Item Зміст до Вісника «Менеджмент та підприємництво в Україні: етапи становлення і проблеми розвитку» № 819(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015)Item Титульний аркуш до Вісника «Менеджмент та підприємництво в Україні: етапи становлення і проблеми розвитку» № 819(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015)Item Система поддержки принятия решений в управлении экономической устойчивостью промышленного предприятия(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Скрыль, О. К.Наведена разработанная структура системы поддержки принятия решений в управлении экономической устойчивостью промышленного предприятия. Предложенная структура системы поддержки принятия решений в управлении экономической устойчивостью промышленного предприятия, использующая инструментарий интеллектуального анализа данных, позволяет на основе информации, поступающей из множества разнородных источников, оперативно принимать решения по обеспечению экономической устойчивости промышленного предприятия в условиях нестабильной внешней среды, поддерживает итерационный характер процесса принятия решений, что дает возможность менеджерам предприятия их обосновывать, и реализована с помощью самого широкоиспользуемого, но в то же время мощного программного инструмента, что позволяет оперативно реализовывать решения на практике. In modern business competition the economically stable enterprises whose management constantly analyzes the market environment, predicts behavior of competitors and fights for the market positions through effectively organized information system have advantages over other enterprises. In modern industrial enterprises large amount of information is circulating daily, which needs time to be processed thus complicating the decision making process. It is on the organization of information at the enterprise that the quality improvement and the efficiency of the decisions taken depend on and, ultimately, the behavior and conditions of the enterprise in the market, its development prospects and economic stability depend on the same factor. The relevance of the research is the need of ensuring economic stability of the industrial enterprises by using effective information technologies in the decision-making process, such as the decision support system. The purpose of the article is development of the decision support system structure for managing industrial enterprise economic stability. The decision support system in managing economic stability of industrial enterprises is understood as an interactive automated system that assists management of an industrial enterprise in using the data on the enterprise operation and the simulation model for evaluating, forecasting and monitoring the economic stability of industrial enterprises to identify directions for maintaining economic stability and ability to take operational decisions. The offered structure of the decision support system in management of economic stability of the industrial enterprise using tools of the data intellectual analysis allows making operative decisions on ensuring economic stability of the industrial enterprise in the conditions of unstable environment on the basis of the information arriving from diverse sources. As for the practical implementation of the decision support system in the management of economic stability of industrial enterprise in the form of an interactive automated system the system must possess the ability to work with the interactive queries with a query language being quite simple to learn, we propose to create a prototype of the decision support system in MS Excel because it not only provides communication between the software products presented in the subsystem of information input but also offers a userfriendly interface. Thus, the offered decision support system in management of economic stability of the industrial enterprise maintains iterative nature of decision-making process. This gives the chance to managers of the enterprise to justify their decisions. The system is realized by means of a common but powerful program tool that allows to quickly implement the decisions made.Item Сучасний стан та перспективи розвитку українського ринку інтелектуальної власності(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Яковлєв, А. І.; Косенко, О. П.; Ткачов, М. М.Проведено статистичний аналіз інноваційного розвитку української промисловості. Особливий акцент зроблено на динаміці показників формування та розвитку ринку об’єктів інтелектуальної власності. Досліджено динаміку зміни кількості українських підприємств у розрізі напрямів інноваційної діяльності – створення та впровадження новацій. Показано, що теперішній стан світового та національного ринку інтелектуальної власності виконує надзвичайно важливі завдання із забезпечення науково-технічною інформацією, знаннями, досвідом державних структур, наукових організацій, освітніх установ, промислових виробництв, інноваційних фірм, окремих інвесторів та розробників інтелектуальної продукції. The paper conducted a statistical analysis of the innovation development of Ukrainian industry. Particular emphasis is placed on the dynamics of the formation and development of the intellectual property. Proved that the technological development of the industry and its sectors, including engineering, depends largely on a number of important factors. These authors include: the level and characteristics of innovation, ie the status of the development of intelligent technologies (organization of these processes, innovative activity of enterprises and organizations, funding, staffing, etc.); level of innovation, that state of receptivity enterprises, institutions and organizations for innovation; the level of the current state of Ukrainian market of intelligent technologies, ie organic combination of the first two factors. Dynamics of changes in the number of Ukrainian companies in terms of innovation activity – the creation and implementation of innovations. In this study the authors made important conclusions. First, despite the reduction in the number of innovative active enterprises, their dynamics plays a certain stability, which is not progressive, because the industrialized countries are increasing their innovative activity of enterprises accelerated pace. Second, the vast majority of enterprises perform work on the creation and use of Innovation, which indicates that these companies carry out scientific and technical work for their own use and not for the development of innovative market. Proved that the market for intellectual property-specific, and that provides for a specific product (scientific, technical, industrial, managerial knowledge and experience) of specific exchange (goods are not the product itself, but only the right to use it), the specific presentation of the goods to the consumer (by based agreements on the right to use the object exchange). It is proved that the specific intellectual property market also appears that for efficient use of intellectual goods selling rights entails the delivery of certain machinery and equipment, the provision of commercially additional services (technical, commercial, financial, management, marketing, etc. .), without which this particular product is simply impossible to use effectively. It is shown that the present state of the world and national intellectual property market takes an extremely important task of providing scientific and technical information, knowledge, experience, government agencies, research organizations, educational institutions, industrial enterprises and innovative firms, individual investors and developers of intellectual property. The authors emphasized that this software can be both embodied and in intangible forms. Accordingly, the market of intellectual property in the article is defined as a set of technical and economic relations between developers and users of intellectual goods for sale and purchase (transfer and use) the results of intellectual innovation, having economic, scientific, technical, industrial or social value . Accelerated pace of scientific and technological progress in the world, implementing technologies of globalization and international cooperation conducive to the rapid growth of trade in the world market of intellectual and innovative technologies, increase its capacity and detail areas of operation.Item Зарубіжний досвід формування потенціалу підприємства(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Шостак, Л. В.Доведено необхідність використання зарубіжного передового досвіду формування потенціалу підприємства під час планування на вітчизняних підприємствах. Автор наводить конкретні приклади ефективності формування на іноземних підприємствах та пропонує послідовність (алгоритм) адаптації закордонних напрацювань у вітчизняній практиці. The necessity to use foreign experience for forming enterprise potential in planning processes at domestic enterprises is proven. Examples of the best foreign practices in the field are presented and the sequence (algorithm) of adapting foreign experience to domestic conditions is offered. The crisis in the national economy results in reduction of production output at the most of domestic enterprises; due to decrease of the consumer purchasing power there takes place accumulation of finished goods in warehouses as well as mass layoffs at enterprises. These factors lead to reduction of the enterprise potential. In order to develop the appropriate theoretical principles we substantiate theoretical aspects of forming domestic enterprises potential; principles and the model of its formation are singled out. For building the domestic enterprises potential, especially in times of economic uncertainty characteristic for the present state of the domestic economy, it is worth not only assess the benefits of international experience but also to determine the points that may be useful for doing domestic business. The study analyzed two types of potential, namely, employment and innovations potential. Based on this analysis the sequence of adapting foreign experience to domestic enterprises is proposed. The grounded global experience in enterprise potential building, namely the sequence of adapting the international experience to domestic enterprises will be used in further research to develop a model for determining the potential of the enterprise. Based on theoretical information and analytical data there will be created the model and the calculations will be done regarding the choice of the type of foreign experience to be chosen for adaptation.Item Ґенеза тіньових економічних відносин(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Хом’як, К. А.Здійснено аналітичний огляд літературних даних про виникнення і розвиток тіньової економіки. Визначено підходи щодо трактування поняття “тіньова економіка” з боку вітчизняних та зарубіжних науковців. Обґрунтовано поняття і сформульовано визначення тіньової економіки, розкрито умови кризових явищ під час її функціонування. Підкреслено необхідність проведення заходів детінізації в Україні. Ukraine’s economy is affected by a number of negative factors that threaten the financial, economic and national security of the country in general. One of these factors is shadow economy. At the end of the past century it was a minor secondary phenomenon but having expanded today it transformed into a key urgent problem of economic reality. An important task today is to resist such a negative phenomenon as shadow economy, which is dynamically developing, creating a number of problems for Ukraine. So, to objectively assess this phenomenon and to effectively fight with it, it is necessary to investigate the origins and the evolution of the category of “shadow economy”. Thus, research into the theoretical basis of the phenomenon is of great practical importance for counteracting it. Theoretical and methodological basis of research consists of the works of foreign and domestic scientists who highlighted the wide range of associated problems. In particular, the following are foreign experts who have been studying the phenomenon of shadow economy: K. Hart, D. Blades, P. Gutmann, A. de Soto, E. Feige, F. Schneider, J. Latova and others. Among domestic researchers working in this sphere there are Z. S. Varnaliy, I. I. Mazur, V. O. Turchynov, Ya. A. Zhalila and others. Despite a lot of research done there has not yet been formulated a unified definition of the term “shadow economy”. The purpose of this research is to perform a comprehensive analysis of the concepts of sources and development of shadow economy to get a deeper understanding of this phenomenon, to substantiate causal connections between the events of shadow economy and the official economy. The research is conducted using the historical method and the method of terminological analysis. Chronology, reasons and premises of the formation of shadow economic relations were studied. The interpretation of the definition “shadow economy” was analyzed. It was determined that approaches to studying the shadow economy are different in Ukraine and abroad. To be more detailed, Ukrainian scholars use the theoretical approach according to which the shadow economy is described as an economic category, while foreign scholars apply operational approach that explains shadow economy through its actions and measurements. Due to the absence of a common definition of the shadow economy, we propose a generalized definition, which gives a more comprehensive description of this concept. It is found that shadow economy is a complex, ambiguous and negative phenomenon that requires detailed studying. Perspectives for further research are to examine in detail reasons and factors that stimulate economic entities to resort to shadow economic actions; to develop effective methods of legitimizing the national economy.Item Розвиток інвестиційної діяльності в Україні в контексті євроінтеграційних процесів(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Моторнюк, У. І.; Теребух, М. І.Проаналізовано інвестиційну діяльність в Україні в контексті євроінтеграційних процесів, зокрема стан та основні напрями її розвитку. Обґрунтовано необхідність розроблення та реалізування інтеграційної політики в Україні. Особливу увагу звернено на формування європейської інтеграційної ідеології в системі державного управління. Проаналізовано основні чинники, що впливають на розвиток інвестиційної діяльності в Україні в контексті євроінтеграційних процесів. Узагальнено основні показники, що використовуються для оцінювання інвестиційної привабливості в контексті інтеграційних процесів. The investment activity in Ukraine in the context of European integration processes was analyzed in this article. Thesis there is determined the state and the main directions of its development. The necessity of developing and implementation of integration policy in Ukraine explained. Particular attention is paid to the formation of European integration ideology in public administration. The main factors influencing the development of investment activity in Ukraine in the context of European integration processes are analyzed in the article. Overview main indicators used for evaluation of investment attractiveness in the context of integration processes. The current integration policy dimension of the national state can be determined as a problem of formation of European integration ideology in public administration in the context of external factors as the direction of general public administration reform. In the process of integration ideology in governance is important to realize the following objectives: to identify content characteristics of the essence of historical bases of formation of Ukrainian foreign policy, explore the essence of a common EU foreign policy; identify and describe the factors that influence the formulation and implementation of foreign policy of Ukraine, to reveal the relationship between the characteristics of the formation of national identity model and content of Ukrainian national interests; to assess the role of government institutions in addressing the important foreign policy challenges in the face of increasing international influence on the political processes of the integration factor; assess the prospects for full and partial integration of Ukraine into the EU and Ukraine's contribution to European security in the context of research into the problems of the European integration process and the mechanisms of formation of the Common Foreign and Security Policy of the EU; analyzing the content of Ukrainian-European contradictions, identify the main perspectives of the constitution of Ukraine in the European democratic project to explore the potential and limiting factors of relations "Ukraine – EU". The transformation of public administration in the context of the European integration process requires systemic reforms under the criteria for EU membership and improvement of territorial organization of power in Ukraine in accordance with the principles of good governance set out in the regulations of the EU and the Council of Europe – the European Charter of Local Self-Government, the Single European Act, the Treaty about the EU. Ukraine, on the one hand, has exhausted the possibilities of market-based borrowing and live in debt, on the other – can not and does not need to support enterprises of real sector in the former scale, and under such conditions can not invest in infrastructure projects and other activities like European countries where the cost of maintaining regional development account for more than half of all allocated for these purposes amounts of money. Targeting resources external creditors only deepens debt bondage, out of which would be extremely burdensome. We'll have to raise the level of fiscal capacity by those sectors that can operate successfully, which means the slowdown of economic growth.Item Розвиток готельного господарства у ринкових умовах(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Романів, О. Я.; Трусова, Т. С.; Бричка, Р. П.Розглянуто теоретико-методологічні засади розвитку готельного господарства Рівненської області, які ґрунтуються на методі конкурентних переваг. На основі індексу концентрації, індексів Херфіндаля–Хіршмана та Холла–Тайдмана було підтверджено висновки про невисоку конкуренцію в галузі та помірно концентрований ринок. За методикою набору конкурентноспроможних елементів було визначено рейтинг готелів за окремими індикаторами і побудовано конкурентну карту ринку послуг готельного господарства Рівненської області. The article considers theoretical and methodological fundamentals of hospitality industry development in Rivne region based on the method of competitive advantages, specifics of a hotel service and peculiarities of hospitality industry functioning in the structure of tourism industry as a whole, on modern tendencies of hospitality business in the world, which due to their globalising character find specific realization in the formation of hospitality service market in Rivne. Based on the review of the existing methodical approaches to management it is justified that effective management in a transformation economy is impossible without constant monitoring of the situation prevailing in the target market segment for the hospitality company, and without prediction of possible actions of competitors and evaluation of the company’s own competitive position. The main trends in the hotel industry of Rivne region have negative nature: the number of accommodation facilities as well as hotels availability is decreasing. The index of concentration, the Herfindahl-Hirschman index and the Tideman-Hall index are used to confirm the findings about low competition in the industry, and moderately concentrated market. The hotel rating by individual indicators is determined and the market competition map for the hotel industry of Rivne region is constructed using the method of a set of competitive elements. The article presents the analysis of modern tendencies in hospitality industry of Rivne region. It is advisable to use the experience of not only domestic but also foreign scientists. It is essential to create new strategies with the account of the position of the hotel in the market and to improve the quality of the hotel services.Item Забезпечення розвитку експорту високотехнологічних товарів в умовах зміни векторів зовнішньої торгівлі(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Квач, Я. П.; Коваль, В. В.; Циналєвська, І. А.Розглянуто проблему забезпечення розвитку експортної діяльності, перш за все, високотехнологічних товарів, в умовах зміни векторів зовнішньої торгівлі. В межах дослідження проаналізовано структуру експорту України для визначення ступеня технологічності основних товарних позицій експорту. Проаналізовано також зарубіжний досвід застосування інструментів підтримки та стимулювання експортної діяльності. В умовах необхідності переорієнтації зовнішніх торговельних зв’язків вітчизняних товаровиробників наведено практичні рекомендації щодо підтримки експортної діяльності національних виробників високотехнологічної продукції. The article examines the problem of the development of exports in the context of changing direction of foreign trade in particular a special attention was paid to support's mechanisms of high-tech product's exports.. Indicators of Ukraine's foreign trade dynamics demonstrate a low effectiveness of the state export policy. The analysis of the commodity structure of Ukraine's exports indicates the raw material orientation of national economy in the system of international division of trade flows. The high-tech products export's value denotes a current low level of technological effectiveness of industrial production. The problem of inefficient export's structure is actualized by the fact that opportunities for manufacturing high-tech products in Ukraine are available, but at present, because of a number of reasons, not implemented. The crisis of modern foreign policy stipulates an acute fluctuations in the foreign trade especially in export of those commodity positions, which belonged to high-tech category, which include such commodity groups as “Aircraft and spacecraft”, “Computer and office equipment” “Electronics communications”, “Pharmaceutical products”, “Scientific instruments”, “ Electrical machinery equipment and their parts “, “Chemicals”, “Non-electrical machinery” and “Arms”. Closing the Russian market for such commodity groups as nonelectrical equipment and aerospace equipment, for which the Russian direction of export reached about 60% of the total, put the production of innovative goods on the brink of survival. Under these conditions the need for sales markets’ reorientation is a prerequisite the preservation and development of national innovation system, given the fact that the production of high-tech products for the domestic market remains unclaimed. Therefore, efforts for diversification of geography of deliveries of Ukrainian high-tech industrial commodities put on the agenda an application of development tools for export activity support in the development and implementation of effective mechanisms for supporting of national exporters when entering foreign markets. The experience of many developed countries, which have succeeded in raising of finished products export, demonstrates a crucial role in these achievements of effective system of state exports support. A cornerstone of the export support system is a mechanism of the financial support; the main instruments are mainly related to improving the efficiency of national export's credit system that is achieved through the strengthening of specialized financial institutions – Export Credit Agency (ECA). Due to the financial support of ECA national companies have the opportunity to receive state-warranty insurance and credit support as well as bank loans for longer periods and more favourable terms. In Ukraine, because of the lack state policy concerning development of infrastructural environment of export activity precisely in terms of the application of instruments of the financial sector, access to domestic exporters to credit funds is extremely difficult. This applies both a provision of investment resources for the modernization of the fixed assets and short-term lending to cover working capital needs. In our opinion, the development of export insurance and crediting via creation of such institutions as national export credit agency is able to provide a way out of crisis of foreign trade for Ukraine since the problem of access to foreign markets, primarily concerning shortage of working capital available for businesses and, at least, lack of investment resources to purchase new equipment and intangible assets. The validity of such a proposal supported by the fact that the creation of such an organization is not against the rules of the World Trade Organization and allowing largely to protect the financial position of domestic producers.Item Термінологічний апарат регіонального саморозвитку(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Іванова О. Ю.Розглянуто теоретичні аспекти регіонального саморозвитку. Обґрунтовано систему термінів саморозвитку регіонів: саморозвиток, самодостатність, самозабезпеченість, самостійність, автономність, незалежність, самовідтворення, федералізм та федералізація, децентралізація. Визначено характерні ознаки термінів, що дало змогу обґрунтувати доцільність їх застосування для регіонального саморозвитку в умовах реанімаційних реформ в Україні. Уточнено визначення “самодостатність регіонального розвитку” та “потенціал саморозвитку регіону”. Потенціал регіону з погляду спрямованості на саморозвиток слід розглядати з двох позицій: як базовий та як акумулювальний. The article is devoted to the theoretical aspects of the regional self-development. A purpose of an article is a disclosure of the conceptual and terminological apparatus of regions’ self-development, the definition of the relationships and dependencies of these terms, and the appropriateness of their use in terms of transformations in Ukraine. The system of regions’ self-development terms, such as: self-development, self-sufficiency, self-reliance, independence, autonomy, independence, self-reproduction, federalism and federalization, decentralization are grounded. The characteristic signs of the terms are determined. that allowed to prove their application to the regional self-development in the conditions of intensive care reform in Ukraine. The definitions of “self-sufficiency of regional development” and “self-development capacity of the region“are clarified. The potential of the region, in terms of the focus on self-development, should be considered from two perspectives: basic and accumulative. It was determined that the decentralization in the context of regional development supports solving the following objectives: the reduction and elimination of the negative impact of state intervention in regional development; creating favorable conditions for selfdevelopment and self-sufficiency of the regions in Ukraine by reducing state regulation in order to increase their competitiveness; provision of legal framework to increase the independence of local governments to achieve regions’ self-development on the basis of maximizing the efficiency of their potential; institutional strengthening of interaction and motivational factors of socio-economic development of regions; creating incentives to improve the financial sustainability of regions by increasing the role of regional authorities in socioeconomic development of the regions; reduction of corruption risks in the redistribution of budget funds and others. Analysis of the terminological apparatus of regional development allowed to justify the conditions of regions’ self-sufficiency formation on the basis of the principles of fiscal federalism. The definition of “the potential of self-development of the region” is clarified. According to this it is an opportunity, the ability and motivation of the region to the accumulation and effective use of natural, human, financial and other resources for long-term socio-economic development based on self-reliance and self-organization, to meet the needs of the population and to combine national and regional interests. Based on this, in terms of the focus on selfdevelopment, the potential of the region should be viewed from two perspectives: basic and accumulative. It is proved that the formation and use of the storage capacities creates conditions for the safety and increase in efficiency of the basic potential use. The subject of further research is the creation of conditions for development of the regions, which aims to mobilize its own resources and opportunities that will enhance their competitiveness, the formation of competitive advantages and strengthen the competitive position.