Формування туристично-інноваційних кластерів у регіоні

Abstract

З’ясовано сутність поняття “туристичний інноваційний кластер (ТІК)”, визначено переваги і недоліки діяльності ТІК, встановлено джерела фінансування ТІК, наведено мету та завдання формування ТІК у регіоні, виділено напрями інноваційної діяльності у туризмі. З’ясовано: соціально-економічні передумови необхідності та доцільності формування національної мережі ТІК, доцільність наукових та екологічних досліджень у структурі ТІК, соціально-економічну ефективність діяльності ТІК, заходи з планування та прогнозування діяльності ТІК. Доведено важливість екологічних досліджень у структурі ТІК, наведено структуру та етапи формування ТІК. The essence of the concept "tourist innovation cluster" is clarified and its definition is proposed. The background and reasons for introducing innovations in the tourism sector are presented. The conditions of efficient cluster functioning in tourism are stated. Preconditions and possibilities of creating the tourist innovation cluster in the regions of Ukraine are determined. A list of possible advantages and disadvantages of the tourist innovation cluster in a region is provided. Possible sources of funding and the form of the tourist innovation cluster ownership are grounded. The goal and objectives of forming the tourist innovation cluster in the region are defined. Directions of innovation activities in tourism are presented. There are found out socioeconomic preconditions of necessity and expediency of forming a national network of the tourist innovation clusters. There is determined feasibility of scientific and environmental studies in the structure of tourist innovation clusters. The sequence of introducing market mechanisms in the tourist innovation clusters is offered. The socio-economic efficiency of the tourist innovation cluster activities is justified. Measures for planning and forecasting the tourist innovation cluster activities are proposed. The significance of environmental research in the structure of tourist innovation cluster is proved. The list of indicators by which to assess the effectiveness of tourist innovation cluster is determined. There are listed effects of the tourist innovation cluster in the region on various spheres of activities. There is proposed a mechanism and a list of stages for establishing and operating the tourist innovation clusters (TIC), namely: creating an TIC central governing body for management and coordination of its divisions activities with other parties for implementing programs and measures; forming TIC divisions, choosing a large tourist company or a group of similar organizations in the region where tourist resources are available; selecting companies and organizations in the tourism sector of the economy for full provision of the tourist cluster with resources, information, special skills, innovative technologies, investment funds or infrastructure etc., that will ensure fulfillment of the functional tasks of providing complex tourist services; creating conditions for the organization and implementation of research, development and introduction of new technologies and other innovations in order to continuously improve the efficiency of TIC; working out the system of selection, training and retraining of personnel; planning resource provision for TIC development in response to the growing demand for health recovery and recreation services; identifying forms of cooperation with the local authorities to achieve not only TIC higher competitiveness to improve profitability but also fulfillment of social tasks, modernization of cities, compliance with environmental balance; defining TIC territorial and production structure. The structure, components and the design of the innovative tourist cluster formation in the region are provided.