29-та Гренадерська дивізія військ СС нацистської Німеччини (російська № 1): із історії створення та участі у бойових діях періоду Другої світової війни (1941 – 1944 рр.)

Abstract

У статті досліджено проблему російського колабораціонізму в роки Другої світової війни. Особливо заакцентовано на участі російських громадян у військових формуваннях СС нацистської Німеччини. Показано особливості створення 29-ї гренадерської дивізії військ СС та її участь у бойових діях на Брянщині, Білорусії та Польщі.The article explores the problem of Russian collaborationism during World War II. Particular attention is paid to the participation of Russian citizens in the military formations of the SS of Nazi Germany. It is shown that among the SS foreign military units of Soviet citizens formed by the Nazi, a, prominent role was played by a Russian brigade under the command of B. V. Kaminski, better known as the Russian Liberation People’s Army (RONA), the RONA SS Assault Brigade, and the 29th Grenadier Division of the SS Army (Russian No. 1). Attention is drawn to the fact that these Russian military units of the SS almost never fought at the front – the German command preferred to use them as punitive units to combat guerrilla movement in the occupied territories of the six districts of Oryol and Kursk regions of the Russian Federation (the Locot Autonomy), Belarus and Poland. The main focus of researching the problem is made on two aspects of the history of the formation and combat activity of the 29th Grenadier Division of the SS Forces: 1) civilian and political – it concerns the formation of the Locot Autonomy in 1941–1943 by B. Kaminski; 2) military – from the establishment of the People’s Militia units in the Locot District in December 1941 and ending with the formation of the RONA SS assault brigade on July 31, 1944 and the 29th Grenadier Division of the SS troops on August 1, 1944. The fighting activities of these units are covered by their involvement in anti – partisan operations during 1942–1944: “White Bear”, “Gypsy Baron”, “Neighborhood Assistance”, “Christmas Tree”, “East”, “Bird Trail”, “Rainfall” and other. Participation in the consolidates regiment of the 29th Grenadier Division of the SS Forces in the suppression of the Warsaw Uprising in August 1944 is analyzed in detail, as well as the disunion of the division on October 11, 1944 and the inclusion of its units (about 5,000 men) to the Russian Liberation Army (ROA) of the Armed Forces of the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia.