Проблеми містобудівного розвитку міст-курортів Львівщини

Abstract

Розглянуто комплекс питань містобудівного розвитку історично сформованих курортних міст Львівської області, визначено принципи їх функціонально-планувальної та архітектурно-просторової реорганізації, представлено висновки та рекомендації стосовно цієї проблематики.It also describes the principles of their functional, planning, and architectural reorganization, and presents findings and recommendations on this topic. All modern resorts in Lviv region (Nemyriv, Shklo, Velykiy Lubin, Rozdil, Sasiv, Truskavets, Morshyn) have a long historical tradition. They emerged from small settlements around healing springs, which began to be explored in Europe in the late XVIIIth century. A large number of healing mineral springs have been discovered in Subcarpathia already in the first half of the XIX century. This created a demand to set up a lot of resort towns. Among those, Truskavets and Velykyi Lubin have been wellrecognized across Europe at the end of the XIX century. During Soviet period (1960–1990 years) large public sanatoriums have been built and small resort towns of Lviv region turned into major Ukrainian touristic centers. Ukraine becoming independent, difficult political and economic transformations affected the medical and economic potential of resorts in the region. Most of them started to decline and now require effective strategies for urban regeneration. Optimization of transport and pedestrian links in their planning structure continues to be important for the resort towns in Lviv region. In particular, limit of traffic within the resort areas and withdrawal of transit transport outside the towns. Pedestrian connections, institutions of cultural and community services, recreational territories, and parks, have the strongest impact on the planning of the city and revealing of its architectural image in general. Accordingly, resort towns should be planned in deep interconnection with the whole system of landscape and recreational territories of the town. Effective medical treatment sets high requirements for the landscape and spatial organization of the resort towns and demands a whole range of measures to bring the recreational areas to a far better aesthetic appearance and efficient functionality. First of all, it is needed to reconstruct the historic resort parks on the basis of historical, architectural and dendrological studies. It is also important to enlarge the green areas and expand the functionality of landscape and recreational areas. The authors of the article propose to disregard the monofunctional health-therapeutic use of these territories and refocus them on the recreational multifunctionality on the basis of private businesses. This approach is far more consistent with current socio- economic changes of society. The resort towns of Lviv region are located within unique landscapes of Roztochia and Carpathians on the territory with the highest level of localization of historic and cultural monuments. Therefore, there are truly favorable conditions for the implementation of the principle of recreational multifunctionality when working over master plans of these cities.