Потенціал розвитку агропромислових комплексів з вирощування органічної продукції в Україні

Abstract

У статті досліджено сучасний стан органічного вирощування продуктів та потенціал розвитку агропромислових комплексів в Україні. За результатами аналізу світового та українського досвіду сформульовано універсальну функціонально-планувальну схему організації такого комплексу, враховуючи сучасні ергономічні та екологічні методи і системи. За виведеною схемою запропоновано проект агрокомплексу з вирощування органічної продукції на гіпотетичній ділянці у Львівській області.

The formation of united territorial communities (UTC) in Ukraine creates favourable conditions for the development of territories. UTC is given more authority to manage resources and revenues and create economically viable facilities. One of such economically promising objects may be agricultural complexes because as of 2017, the Lviv region provided itself with greenhouse vegetables by only 30 %, and most Ukrainian products are intended for export. Foreign experience in designing agricultural complexes is often represented by objects of mixed-use that also include public use functions. Much of the modern complexes of organic production include the function of agritourism, while in Ukraine typologically similar agro-industrial are ordinary greenhouses or fields. The territories of such agricultural complexes do not have a great variety of functional zones or landscape techniques, in contrast to foreign examples. The most common greenhouse system of cultivation is hydroponics - a method of growing plants without soil, using water with mineral nutrient solutions. The most effective subsystem is aquaponics - a combination of hydroponics and aquaculture. It needs the least additional fertilizers and is the most recirculating and selfsufficient. Based on the results of the analysis of world and Ukrainian experience, a universal functional-planning scheme of the organization of agricultural complexes for the growing of organic products based on aquaponics has been formulated. According to the derived scheme, an architectural project of an agricultural complex for the growing of organic products on a hypothetical site in the Lviv region is proposed. Taking into account modern design experience, in addition to production, public functions are also provided, in particular the possibility of holding conferences, lectures, exhibitions and trade fairs. This will form a tourist magnet in the field of environmental technology, and help in the spread of environmental awareness in society.