Ідентифікація загроз монетарної системи економічній безпеці держави

Abstract

Визначено, класифіковано та проаналізовано загрози монетарної системи, що впливають на економічну безпеку держави. Для кращого розуміння проблеми та деталізації загроз автори згрупували загрози монетарної системи за напрямами (сферами) їх виникнення у такі групи: інституційні, грошово-кредитні, банківські та інвестиційні. Автори детально розглянули та проаналізували виокремлені групи монетарних загроз, оскільки саме вони призводять до порушення економічного безпекового балансу в державі та потребують розроблення системи управління ними з метою протидії їх негативному впливу на економічну систему або локалізації їх дії. Проведене дослідження дало змогу дійти висновку, що у кожній із виділених груп загроз є активні загрози, які потребують розроблення заходів із їх мінімізації або протидії їм. Однак найбільше активних загроз криється у інституційному середовищі монетарної системи, оскільки більшість з них суб’єктивні та залежать від фаховості посадових осіб, їхньої кваліфікації, бажання змінити ситуацію тощо.

A threat is a factor which predetermines probable destruction of the system and results in the crisis phenomena. Security threat is a set of conditions and factors endangering vital economic interests of a person, societies and states. The purpose of the study is definition and classification threats of the monetary system to the state economic security and justification the rational and more effective methods of countering them. The theoretical aspects of the financial and economic security of the state were investigated by many authors, in particular: L. I. Abalkin, I. M. Alikperov, O. I. Baranovsky, V. I. Bogachev, I. Y. Bogdanov, V. V. Burtsev, V. M. Vershinin, A. V. Vozhenikov, M. G. Delyagin, N. N. Yermoshenko, S. M. Echmakov, A. N. Kozyrin, A. V. Kolosov, A. A. Kuklin, E. V. Popov, V. K. Senchagov, N. P. Fokina, O. S. Shnipko, O. V. Lebid, V. O. Garkusha and others. Threats of the monetary system make provision impossible of required economic level growth, negatively affected by trade, internal and foreign economic activity of Ukraine, cause threats to functioning budget, tax, insurance and other components of the financial system of Ukraine. In article authors defined, classified and analyzed threats of monetary system, which affect the state economic security. For a better understanding the problem and detailing threats authors grouped them by directions (spheres) of theirs occurrence on: institutional, monetary, banking and investment. The authors reviewed and analyzed groups of monetary threats, which lead to the violation of economic security balance in the state and require the development of a management system in order to counter their negative impact on the economic system or localizing their actions. The research made possible to conclude that in each of the selected group of threats are several active threats, which require the development of measures to minimize or counteract them. However, the most active threats lie in the institutional environment of monetary system, since most of them have subjective character and depend on officials’ professionalism, their qualifications and desire to change the situation etc. Solving this problem will directly affect the monetary, economic, social and political stability of Ukraine. Therefore, the determining and localizing the impact of monetary threats to the state economic security is one of the topical problems nowadays. However, new monetary threats need to be identified and evaluated. Having examined the totality monetary threats and their impact on the economic security of the state, we have reached the following conclusions: – threats of the monetary system are an occurrence of factors with monetary nature and negative impact, which direct their action to all components of the national economy; – monetary threats should be divided into four groups: institutional, monetary, banking and investment; – active or inactive state of a threat can be determined by analyzing the dynamic of indicators that characterize it; – the study found that in each of the selected threat groups are active threats, which need to minimize or counteract them; – the most active threats lie in the institutional environment of monetary system, since most of them have subjective character and depend on officials professionalism, their qualifications and the desire to change the situation.