Виборчі цензи як атрибут демократичних виборів
Date
2019-02-26
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Видавництво Львівської політехніки
Lviv Politechnic Publishing House
Lviv Politechnic Publishing House
Abstract
Проаналізовано суть виборчих цензів як однієї із складових загального виборчого права. Автори взяли за
основу типологію виборчих цензів, яка передбачає їхній поділ на три основні групи: технічні, охоронні та
дискримінаційні. Здійснено детальний аналіз виборчих цензів, які входять до кожної з трьох груп.
Автори, аналізуючи виборчі цензи, розглядають обмеження виборчих прав громадян крізь призму проблеми
їхньої трансформації у контексті демократизації суспільно-політичного ладу країн світу. Щодо активного
виборчого права автори доводять доцільність застосування таких виборчих цензів, як віковий, громадянства,
осілості та дієздатності. Водночас щодо пасивного виборчого права допустимим, на думку дослідників, є більш жорстке застосування
виборчих обмежень, зокрема, службового, морального цензів, цензу освіченості та ін.
This article examines voter eligibility/electoral qualifications as a fundamental part of universal suffrage. The authors use as a basis the typology of electoral qualifications, which provides for their division into 3 major groups: technical, protective and discriminative. In this study we made a detailed analysis of the electoral limitations belonging to each of these three groups. In particular, among technical qualifications special attention is paid to the analysis of age, citizenship, capacity, and residency requirements. Among protective limitations morality, service, military and bankruptcy qualifications have been reviewed. A considerable part of the paper is dedicated to investigating of discriminative restrictions of electoral rights, specifically, gender, property, race, religion and other electoral requirements. The restriction of the electoral rights is viewed through the prism of their transformation within the context of global democratization process in socio-political systems. Scientists convincingly demonstrate that the approach to assessment and necessity of applying of electoral limitations has been modified: discriminative qualifications are mostly removed, a large part of protective and technical electoral limitations is also eliminated, another part is strictly constrained by precise conditions for using, which significantly expand electorate and contribute to more comprehensive implementation of citizens electoral rights in comparison with past periods. Researchers of the electoral process emphasize the reasonableness of such electoral qualifications as age, citizenship, residency and capacity requirements concerning active electoral rights. At the same time, more ridged application of electoral limitations is acceptable with regard to passive electoral rights. In this context service, morality, literacy etc. qualifications must be mentioned.
This article examines voter eligibility/electoral qualifications as a fundamental part of universal suffrage. The authors use as a basis the typology of electoral qualifications, which provides for their division into 3 major groups: technical, protective and discriminative. In this study we made a detailed analysis of the electoral limitations belonging to each of these three groups. In particular, among technical qualifications special attention is paid to the analysis of age, citizenship, capacity, and residency requirements. Among protective limitations morality, service, military and bankruptcy qualifications have been reviewed. A considerable part of the paper is dedicated to investigating of discriminative restrictions of electoral rights, specifically, gender, property, race, religion and other electoral requirements. The restriction of the electoral rights is viewed through the prism of their transformation within the context of global democratization process in socio-political systems. Scientists convincingly demonstrate that the approach to assessment and necessity of applying of electoral limitations has been modified: discriminative qualifications are mostly removed, a large part of protective and technical electoral limitations is also eliminated, another part is strictly constrained by precise conditions for using, which significantly expand electorate and contribute to more comprehensive implementation of citizens electoral rights in comparison with past periods. Researchers of the electoral process emphasize the reasonableness of such electoral qualifications as age, citizenship, residency and capacity requirements concerning active electoral rights. At the same time, more ridged application of electoral limitations is acceptable with regard to passive electoral rights. In this context service, morality, literacy etc. qualifications must be mentioned.
Description
Keywords
виборчий ценз, вибори, демократія, виборче право, виборче законодавство, electoral qualifications, voter eligibility, electoral limitations, elections, democracy, suffrage, electorate legislation
Citation
Бучин М. Виборчі цензи як атрибут демократичних виборів / Микола Бучин, Яна Міщенко // Гуманітарні візіїї. — Львів : Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2019. — Том 5. — № 1. — С. 1–6.