The origin and development of media for children in Ukraine

Abstract

На теренах української преси вирізняється понад 70 видів дитячих журналів та газет. Сьогодні вони здатні задовольнити навіть найвибагливіших читачів. Така преса найяскравіше і по-особливому реагує на події, що відбуваються у соціумі, завжди була і залишається одним із основних комунікативних каналів, за допомогою яких до дитини надходить інформація різного змісту та форми. Не є винятком і телепередачі, які з часом згуртувалися у повноцінні телеканали для дітей. Сучасні діти не залишаються байдужими до суспільних подій і очікують відповіді на свої запитання саме від улюблених журналів, газет та телеканалів. Саме вони замінюють дітям книжки, батьків у вільний час, навчають і виховують, тобто з їхньою допомогою дитина формує власний світогляд, побудований на інформації, яку вона поглинає. Тому дуже важливим є дослідження та вивчення актуальних проблем ТБ, журналів та газет, призначених для дитячої аудиторії. Нині преса та телеканали для дітей майоріють картинками та іграми, через що втрачається та послаблюється пізнавальна функція видань, а це нині є важливою темою для дослідження. Мета статті – дослідити особливості підготовки журналів, газет та телепередач для дітей, окреслити напрями вдосконалення журналістської майстерності для підготовки медіа-продукції та її успішної реалізації, виявити недоліки та запропонувати способи їх виправлення.

More than 70 kinds of children’s magazines and newspapers are featured in the Ukrainian press. At the moment, they are able to satisfy even the most demanding readers. Such presses most clearly and in a special way respond to events occurring in society, has always been and remains one of the main communicative channels through which the child receives information of different content and form. There are no exceptions to television broadcasts, which eventually rallied in full-fledged television channels for children. Modern children do not remain indifferent to social events and expect answers to their questions from their favorite magazines and newspapers and TV channels. It is they who replace children’s books, parents in their free time, teach and educate, that is, with their help the child forms his own outlook, built on the information that it absorbs. Therefore, research and study of topical issues of TB, magazines and newspapers intended for the children’s audience is very important. Today, newspapers and TV channels for children are flooded with pictures and games, which looses and weakens the cognitive function of editions, and this is an important topic for research at present. The aim is to explore the features of the preparation of magazines, newspapers and television programs for children. To study the areas of improvement of journalistic skills for the preparation of media production and its successful implementation. Find shortcomings and ways to solve them. Deepening into history, one can not but notice that the first sources of information materials for the younger generation reach the far 1117 and presented in the form of "Poucheniya" and “Letters” written by Volodymyr Monomakh. From year to year children’s magazines popularize the world’s leading pedagogical ideas, placing them in their materials. Children are keen to get acquainted with the works of writers of different epochs and countries, learn about new events in the life of mankind and absorb a lot of valuable information that the authors of the magazine provide for them in a playful and interesting manner. Researchers note that the number of children’s periodicals on the territory of the domestic press indicates the level of future education in the country. In addition, they note that the development of the press is an important factor in the diverse upbringing of the child, because television can not meet the need for knowledge and development of logical thinking in the right amount. Therefore, with the advent and entry into the masses of television channels for children, the number of printed periodicals should be raised and improved qualitatively, however, in no case be reduced. At the beginning of the proclamation of Ukraine’s independence, newspapers for children partially prevailed over journal editions (the situation changed subsequently), although not all passed the test by time. The circulation of newspapers was not always sufficient: from 100 copies (most often it was related to the school, student’s press) to several thousand copies. For example, the monthly children’s newspaper Cheburashka (Lisichansk Luhansk region) had a circulation of 12.000, then 10.000 (in 1994), a weekly Kyiv newspaper “Pink Elephant” – 9.000 (1995). The five-thousand-tenth edition had the all-Ukrainian children’s newspaper Mandrivets (Ternopil), the regional children’s newspaper “Flash” (Chernihiv), the all-Ukrainian children’s edition Obolon (Kiev), the newspaper of the international children’s center “Artek” – “Island A” and etc. An important feature of the time press was the lack of any focus on the reader’s audience. Unlike modern magazines and newspapers, there used to be a press for children, adolescents, or young men, such as Aquilon, Galician Youth, “Veselka”, “Novachok”, “Zadavaka”, “Nikita and Friends”, “Erelash”, “Martyshka”, “Tigrenok”, “Dzendzik”, “I”, and others like that. Comparing the features of the modern press with the former it is worth noting that the segment of diversity is followed very clearly and the press has acquired a variety of features that help to attract more and more audiences.