Сакральна архітектура у творчості Михайла Нетриб’яка

Abstract

У статті досліджено основні напрями сучасного українського храмобудування в творчості архітектора М. М. Нетриб’яка і його внесок у розвиток сакральної архітектури Тернопільщини.

In the article examines the main trends in contemporary Ukrainian church building in the work of the architect M. M. Netrybyak and its contribution to the development of religious architecture in Ternopil region. Sacral construction – a remarkable phenomenon in the history of national culture. Design of new, reconstruction and extension of the existing churches became an important step in Ukraine’s architecture of the early 90’s of the XX century. Ternopil architect M.M.Netrybiak also participated in this process. Modern church architecture is the subject of research of many scientists. Materials of the article are based on the scientific research of B. Cherkes [4], Yu. Kryvoruchko [2], S. Linda, U. Ivanochko [3], V. Diachok [1] and others. The purpose of the article – is to determine the stylistic trends in the design of modern religious buildings used by the architect M. M. Netrybiak, explore their stylistic prototypes. Mykhailo Mykolaiovych Netrybiak was born on February 25, 1947 in the village of Trybukhivtsi, Buchach District, Ternopil Region. In 1964 he finished Buchach children’s school of art. From 1965 till 1970 Mykhailo Mykolaiovych studied at the architectural department of the Lviv Agricultural Institute. In 1971 he began architectural activities in Ternopil. The rebirth of sacral architecture took place from 1990 till 2002. The process of revival began after the 50 years of church construction prohibition. The construction of parochial churches was was the most widespread, the chapels were build in smaller settlements. Religious communities did not perceive the contemporary architecture of sacral buildings, with the possibilities of using the innovative construction base. The first projects of the architect in the period during the 1992–1995 include some traditional basic elements of the church (a cupola) in combination with the modern elements (ends of the pediments) – the church in the village of Tsebriv (pic. 3). The church has a cruciform plan, with a single nave, elongated altar, ends with an apse and rectangular narthex. The choir loft is projected above the narthex. The cross arms have vaulted ceiling, crossing is closed by a dome on the octagonal drum. All cross arms are connected with the crossing by wide and high arches, which are also the wall arches for the dome. In 1995 a contest for the project design of The Marian Spiritual Centre in the village of Zarvanytsia, Terebovlia District, Ternopil Region took place. Mykhailo Netrybiak won contest and designed a complex of buildings, which became his masterpiece (pic. 7). The natural landscape determined the architectural conception of the complex – to place the church on the natural plateau, which rises above the valley of the river Strypa. Zarvanytsia Cathedral of the Mother of God is designed for 1500 parishioners, its total area is 1173.58 m2 – it is an architectural dominant of the ensemble, its proportions give the impression of calm, powerful structure in which the principles of neovisantism are used. Its architectonics reproduces the traditional architectural and planning structure in the Ukrainian church construction that is perceived in a modern way. The Cathedral is cross-domed, has a cruciform plan, ends with five cupolas, is pillarless with a single nave. Modernized forms of the domes of the Cathedral, which reminiscent of the main trends of Western European Baroque and the Lviv School in particular, indicate the inheritance of traditions. The Cathedral consists of three levels: two spaces – the top and bottom, which have access to the terrace, and store space, which has access to the the podium level. The difference in height between the upper and lower level – 9.0 meters. The ensemble of The Marian Spiritual Centre includes: the Church of the Annunciation above the gates; 5 chapels; recollection building, the leisure and recreation area with a complex of buildings: cottages, conference room, a refectory, which organically fit into the natural landscape; 56-meter-high bell tower; the Church of the Holy Eucharist (pic. 8); sacred building where one can find an exact copy of Holy Mother’s hut in Nazareth (pic. 5); Way of the Cross and others. In 2005 M. Netrybiak was awarded the State Prize of Ukraine in Architecture and the honorary title of Honored architect of Ukraine. Thus, exploring the creative contribution of M. M. Netrybiak to the development of the contemporary church construction on the territory of the western region, we may conclude that the sacral construction is one of the most popular types of municipal buildings in modern construction.