Порівняльна історична соціологія імперій Айзенштадта

Abstract

Досліджено внесок Айзенштадта у розвиток порівняльної історичної соціології імперій. У центрі уваги є праця ізраїльського вченого “Політичні системи імперій: піднесення та падіння історичних бюрократичних суспільств”. Розкрито особливості його типології політичних систем. Визначено вплив структурного функціоналізму на теорію та методологію дослідження імперій Айзенштадта.The contribution of Eisenstadt to the development of comparative historical sociology of empires is researched. The work of Israeli scientist ‘The Political Systems of Empires: The Rise and Fall of the Historical Bureaucratic Societies’ is on the focus. The main goal of the research is to disclose the content of theoretical positions and the specifics of the methodology of this work. It is clarified that Eisenstadt gave social science a valuable conceptual and methodological arsenal for understanding meaningful features, the history of the formation, development and dissolution of empires. The scholar focused on the systemic nature of the imperial regimes, the different social structures and institutions that characterized them, as well as the social processes that their rulers supported to preserve the systemic boundaries of their states. It was showed that to achieve his goal, Eisenstadt used a specific methodology – a comparative analysis of the substantial qualities of social structures, institutions and patterned social actions that develop within the social system and determine it. Following this methodology, the researcher proposed an original typology of historical political systems. Among the types he has selected, the main subject of the analysis in the book is ‘centralized historical bureaucratic empires’, a characteristic feature of which is the institutionalization of autonomous political power, as well as the deliberate development of ‘free-floating resources’, which encourages social differentiation on a large scale. The Eisenstadt’s work significantly influenced the historical macrosociological studies of the empires of contemporary authors. Analyzing his scientific achievements, we obtain essential information about the theoretical and methodological means of studying empires and they can open up new perspectives for the comparative history of empires.