Сутність соціального підприємництва та його роль у забезпеченні соціальної безпеки

Abstract

Розглянуто теоретико-методологічні та прикладні аспекти соціального підприємництва. Зокрема, на основі емпіричного аналізу найцитованішими трактуваннями соціального підприємництва та їх узагальнення визначено ознаки та подано авторське трактування його сутності. Результатом проведеного дослідження стало розширення змістового наповнення соціального підприємництва за допомогою уточнення принципів, критеріїв та ознак. Також визначено й охарактеризовано функції соціального підприємництва.To prevent the growth of social tension in the country and escalating of social crisis, it is necessary to search new methods and instruments of realization of social policy and forming of social safety of population. One of them can become the activation of social entrepreneurship as on regional so at national level, because in this case basic part of charges on social protection of population will be borne by subjects of economic activity. In this connection the purpose of the article is expansion the theoretical and methodological basis of social entrepreneurship, and tasks is clarification of essence, determination of its signs and criteria. The basic conceptions of determination the essence of social entrepreneurship are considered, namely: american, european, international private and public funds. Also on the basis of generalization of works of scientists the basic aspects of social entrepreneurship are certain: social orientation, entrepreneurial approach, financial stability. Signs of social entrepreneurship are certainly, as: social or ecological orientation on the decisions of concrete social problems, stable positive social results; profitable activity, recoupment and financial stability; reinvestment the profit for the decision of social problems; innovative activity sent to the decision of social problems; enormity and prevalence to increase of social influence; prevaling of social purpose in over economic goals; financial independence in implementing of social purpose; entrepreneurial approach to find the opportunities, to accumulation resources and development a new solutions about socially important transformations. The critical analysis of conceptions and selected aspects and signs allowed to form author interpretation of social entrepreneurship as a multidimensional social phenomenon and type of activity, aimed at providing of positive social transformations on principles of recoupment, reinvestment of profits, innovation. Using the method of generalization and analogies the principles of forming and functioning of social entrepreneurship are identified, such: the prevalence of social values, providing positive social transformation, increase of social capital, initiativeness, collectivity, safety, equality of propert and distribution of wealth, equal involvement in the activities and decision-making, solidarity, honesty in achieving the goals, openness, voluntariness; balance between the commercial component, social responsibility and concern about the environment; independence, entrepreneurship, innovation, creativity, flexibility and adaptiveness. The functions of social enterprise are certain, in particular: mechanism of decision of social problems of society; form of employment and sphere of employment; method of providing of social protection; mean of the public involvement; method of the social including and adaptation; one of the ways of reformation of state social services; form of volunteer; possibility of providing of socially necessary but low-profit social services; a method of reducing the burden on local budgets. Thus, a research result was generalization approaches to determination the essence of social entrepreneurship, its pithy content by clarification the principles, criteria and characteristics.