Стан інноваційної діяльності та ключові проблеми реалізаціх інноваційного потенціалу у промисловості України

Abstract

Проаналізовано сучасний стан інноваційної діяльності у національній промисловості та інноваційну активність українських промислових підприємств. Визначено та систематизовано основні проблеми розвитку інноваційної діяльності на макро- та мезорівнях. Встановлено недоліки інноваційної політики держави та управління інноваційною діяльністю на українських промислових підприємствах. Доведено необхідність інноваційного шляху розвитку для промисловості України. The essence of the concepts of “innovation capacity” and “innovation active enterprises” has been defined. They have analyzed the current state of innovation in local industry and innovation activity Ukrainian enterprises. In addition, there have been given the reasonable assessment of innovation in the industry of Ukraine during long period of time. As a result, they have found that since that time that our country gained independence the development of innovation in the industry of Ukraine is made completely chaotic, mostly only in individual enterprises that are trying to meet the demands of the market to ensure the competitiveness of its products. Thus national innovation industry is in a state of stagnation, moreover, shows a strong tendency towards further decline. They have defined and systematized the key problems of the innovation potential of national industries, which primarily include: declarative government policy to support the development of innovative production; fall in the overall level of investment, which led to the loss of demand for scientific production; reorientation of national economic enterprises of the real economy sector in rapid return on invested capital; the high cost of credit resources of banks etc. They have colligated shortcomings of innovation policy and innovation management at the industrial enterprises of Ukraine. In consequence of conducted research it can be stated that there is not defined strategic goals and objectives of innovation development, there also isn't introduced a long-term and medium-term forecasting and planning of socio-economic development in Ukraine. Reforms of the national economy and programs which were offered by presidents and governments of Ukraine during recent years, only formally declared state innovation focus and in no way influenced the growth in demand and production needs of the Lviv Polytechnic economy to scientific and technical development. Priority directions of science and technology and innovation activities approved by Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine lost its meaning in Ukraine. They have ceased to hold contests to perform appropriate state scientific and technical programs and develop new ones. Competitive financing system as the main mechanism for funding science and innovation is lost. Legislation in science and technology that was turned out in the first decade of independent Ukraine in general has created favorable conditions for the development of Ukrainian science and economy of the state, but by amending and suspending the existing rules of law it lost stimulating factors of science, especially in the implementation of applied research, their implementation and the creation of intellectual property market, which led to a significant decrease in innovation activity of industrial enterprises. The necessity for innovative development industry in Ukraine, as the only way to emerge from the financial and socio-political crisis is proved. Thus, it was found that one of the key strategic objectives that have to be set by our state in modern conditions is to find opportunities and to take effective measures aimed at enhancing the development of research and innovation potential to accelerate the technological development of national industry, improve its competitiveness and innovation.