Деякі аспекти управління інноваційними проектами

Abstract

Розглянуто різні підходи щодо трактування таких економічних категорій, як “інновації”, “інноваційний проект” та “управління інноваційним проектом”. Проана- лізовано основні аспекти реалізації інноваційних проектів в Україні на основі переліку включених проектів до державного реєстру. Визначено, що перспективними напрямами активізації інноваційної діяльності в Україні є участь у різних міжнародних програмах, грантах, реалізація спільних інноваційних проектів з іншими країнами, залучення коштів міжнародних фінансових установ під реалізацію проектів, реалізація інновацій- них проектів за кошти місцевих органів влади та підприємств тощо. Розглянуто основні складові забезпечення ефективного управління інноваційними проектами.

The article discusses various approaches to the interpretation of such economic categories as “innovation”, “innovative project” and “ innovative project management”. Innovations are newly created and (or) improved competitive technologies, products or services, as well as organizational and technical decisions of industrial, administrative, commercial or other nature, which significantly improve the structure and quality of production. The concept of “innovative project” can be viewed in several aspects: as a set of actions to achieve innovation goals; as the process of innovative activity implementation; as a folder of documents that leads to and describes these activities. Project management in the general sense is the application of special knowledge and methods to achieve defined goals. The implementation of innovative projects depends on many factors of the internal and external environment, interests concurrence of the project participants, the importance of the project in terms of defined priorities of the economic growth of a country, region, city, enterprise and the like. Based on the list of innovative projects, included in the national register, it is analyzed the main aspects of the innovative project implementation in Ukraine. So, we can say that the most desirable sectors for the implementation of the large-scale innovative projects in Ukraine are instrument engineering and agribusiness, for which the relative share is respectively 25% and 18,75%, for the aircraft industry and machineryproducing industry is 12.5% under each, for consumer goods industry, food processing, chemical industries and medicine, and construction industry the relative share equals to 6.25%. It should be noted that during this period, there are quite a small number of innovative projects, which cover only 9 directions of the country economic growth. In terms of the possibilities of the innovative activity mainstreaming in Ukraine is a participation in various international programs, grants, implementation of joint innovation projects with other countries and at the expense of local authorities and enterprises, fundraising from international financial institutions for projects implementation and the like. The article describes the basic constituents of the efficient innovation project management. In particular, the following international standards: ISO 10006, which provides a methodology that combines project management and quality control; ISO 21500: 2012, which reflects the main aspects of the project management process; P2M containing the fundamentals for managing projects and programmes for innovation implementation in enterprises; Prince 2 process-based project management methodology; the PMBOK guide, which is a body of knowledge in the field of competencies of practitioners in project management, recognized as the standard; accounting features of the innovative project management related to various phases of project implementation; methodology of project cycle management, which is based on integrated and logical framework approaches; functioning of project offices in order to improve the efficiency of planning and quality of project implementation and to use the earned value methodology (EVM) for the outcome measure and performance management of projects and programmes aimed at ensuring the effective management of the project constraints; the widespread use of IT technologies; involvement of highly qualified project managers and project teams through the transfer of the innovative project management process for outsourcing.