Формалізація показників ефективності функціонування промислового логістичного кластера

Abstract

Охарактеризовано показники ефективності функціонування промислового логістичного кластера, використовуючи метод формалізації з метою прийняття рішення щодо його державної підтримки. Авторське бачення зводиться до того, що більшість дослідників віддають перевагу абсолютним показникам виміру економічного ефекту та відносним показникам ділової активності, соціального ефекту та економічного ефекту від зростання податкових надходжень до Державного бюджету. Критерії оцінки ефективності промислового логістичного кластера повинні характеризувати результати його діяльності, що і є перспективою подальших досліджень.

In the formation and development of logistics clusters, special attention should be given to the state financial support. Today, the existing scientific approaches are fundamentally different: from absolute non-interference of state into the economy, to constant monitoring and coordination of cluster activities by government agencies. This article explores the issues of formalizing the performance of an industrial logistics cluster in order to take a decision on state financial support. An analysis of recent publications has shown that researchers offer a wide range of varied indicators, demonstrating a lack of consensus on this issue. The authors have proposed a method of formalization, which provides a characterization of a phenomenon through a set of attributes and classifies its features by specifying the contents of the research object. The article considers performance indicators for all cluster participants: enterprises, financial and banking institutions, educational institutions, research institutions, city and state budgets, regions, administrative regions and states. The proposed formalization method was practically approved and allowed displaying the indicators of the performance of an industrial logistics cluster in tabular form, which was used to combine and compare the views of modern scholars. It has been proved that the researchers focus on the performance indicators at the enterprises as members of the cluster, as the formation of a logistics cluster can result in economic, social, environmental, innovative, and institutional effects. Financial and banking institutions benefit by servicing the cluster members; educational institutions - by an increase in rendered services; scientific organizations - by the growth of research potential; the budget is filled by tax revenues from the subjects of clustering, while the state benefits by the reduction of unemployment. It has been found, firstly, that the vast majority of researchers prefer using absolute indicators for measuring the economic effect (sales revenue, net profit, quality and competitiveness of the products, investment attractiveness, innovative activity and long order books). Secondly, the relative indicators of business activity (profitability, sales, costs, productivity, specific consumption of materials, capital intensity, and labour intensity), indicators of social effect (creation of highly skilled jobs, the level of average wages, social security and motivation of employees; and prestige to work in the cluster) are quite often used for enterprises that form the cluster, as well as the economic effect of growth of tax revenues. Thirdly, all other indicators show the direction of scientific research taken by an author and characterize the selected subject of evaluation. The author’s opinion is that the evaluation of the cluster performance should mainly be based on data describing the financial and economic activity of the cluster enterprises. The prospect of further research is to develop criteria for evaluating the performance efficiency of industrial logistics clusters to assess the results using the binary choice model. The criteria will serve as a basis for taking a decision on the need for state financial support of the enterprises within the studied cluster.