Ідеологічна складова утопічних ідей радянської архітектури 30-80-х рр. Хх ст.

Abstract

Зроблено спробу проаналізувати ідеологічну складову радянської архітектури 30-80-х рр. ХХ ст. Підкреслено ідеологічне тло розвитку ідей (зокрема, утопічних) в радянській архітектурі аналізованого періоду. Розглянуто послідовність етапів розвитку і формування ідеї соціалістичного реалізму та суть ідеї пошуку соціалістичного стилю в архітектурі досліджуваного періоду.In this article the author attempted to analyze the ideological constituent of the soviet architecture utopian ideas in the 1930-80s. An ideological background of the ideas development in soviet architecture of the analyzed period is emphasized. A new socio-political doctrine opposition to an existent one became the basis of the USSR State policy in 1930-80s, which was commemorated by internal contradictions. Ambiguity of USSR totalitarian policy was in free national development declaration and at the same time elaboration of the utopian doctrine of “national merger” into one soviet nation - historically new social and international unity, the component of which is “a new soviet person” as a top of moral perfection. A sequence of development stages and an idea formation of socialist realism is examined. The characteristics and research of ideological reason of the inception, development and the socialist realism formation as a formative method testify of full engagement of the architectural activity in the examined period in a State dogmatic ideology. The essence of socialist realism as an architectural declared method was in architectural thinking method and architectural professional consciousness formation, where an attitude to a social utopia dominated. While summarizing the success in creating socialist realism in architecture, it is possible to state that formally we succeeded in its creation through architectural ways and means system elaboration, which made this architecture recognizable. The essence of an idea of searching a socialist style in architecture in the examined period is solved. The problem of formation and definition of the socialist style became prioritized in the development of theory and practice of the soviet architecture in the second half of 50-80s of the 20th century. The essence of the problem was in architecture formation in this period which developed behind the architecture under the influence of the State ideology and a dominating in society myth of a “new socialist epoch”. Ideological utopian idea constituent in architecture is obvious and is confirmed in normative acts, regulations, etc. according to architecture and in the form of architecture itself as a material representation of [utopian] architectural ideas of the examined period.