Інституціональні аспекти використання підприємницького потенціалу малого і середнього бізнесу в Україні у контексті євроінтеграційних реформ

Abstract

Розглянуто інституціональні особливості функціонування малого і середнього бізнесу в Україні, виявлено обмежувальні чинники для реалізації його підприємницького потенціалу. Охарактеризовано інституційні фактори, що перешкоджають розвитку підприємницького середовища у контексті підписання Угоди про асоціацію з ЄС. Доведена необхідність розроблення державної політики підтримки малого і середнього бізнесу та запропоновано її пріоритети.

Entrepreneurship in the modern economy serves to generate innovation. Encouraging entrepreneurship should be a priority of economic policy. The Association Agreement with the EU and part of it - a Complete and Comprehensive Free Trade Area- fundamentally change the rules of business and regulatory environment in the country. To solve the problems hindering SME realize the potential for using new market opportunities DCFTA should be developed effective policies to support SMEs, which have widely covered the spectrum of European integration context. The current challenges and key issues for SME development in Ukraine are corruption in various forms and manifestations; excessive business regulation and the lack of effective deregulation; SMEs lack of access to financial resources; lack of transparency and limited access to state and municipal resources and ineffective mechanisms to protect rights and interests; excessive tax burden; macroeconomic instability with limited access to financing and an unfavorable regulatory environment, including high administrative burden; low competitiveness; a significant proportion of SMEs that produce low value-added, high level of shadow economy. Accordingly, it is necessary to focus urgent priorities of the state policy in support of SMEs for solving these problems. Thus, there is sufficient reason to believe entrepreneurial potential unrealized due to institutional and other problems. The main institutional factors that prevent the formation and effective development of the business environment is asymmetry of information, the lack of clear legal standards that structure the activity of enterprises, targeting institutions responsible for creating the basic foundations of business for non-market behavior rules, contradictory combination of institutions and their lack of sophistication, inconsistency formal and informal institutions, blurring property rights, excessive regulation of business activity. Preservation and restoration of entrepreneurship informal institute’s component inhibits the formation and development of the institutional structure of a market. Revealed that there are a number of problems of Ukrainian public institutions to be addressed, and that is enough reason for poor quality conceptual and strategic documents, lack of clear planning their implementation, coordination disturbances of public decisions with key stakeholders and formal attitude to the principles of good governance. Small business in Ukraine is the main tool an overall strategy for economic growth and structural reconstruction of the national economy. The problem of existing approaches to SMEs development’ stimulation of is that their main focus is on supporting the new SMEs creation. While the issue of strengthening and developing of already existing small businesses received a very little attention. To realize the potential of SMEs is an appropriate state policy with the involvement of researchers and practitioners who are experienced processing and analysis of the problems of the SME sector and some achievements have applied nature to stimulate the development of SMEs.