Матричні підходи моніторингу розвитку інноваційного потенціалу підприємства

Abstract

Розглянуто підходи до визначення та оцінювання інноваційного потенціалу підприємства. Запропоновано тлумачення інноваційного потенціалу як сукупності трьох складових: інноваційних ресурсів, інноваційних компетенцій та організаційних здатностей. Наведено критерії для дослідження рівня розвиненості кожної складової. Запропоновано використання матричного методу у форматі дескриптивної моделі для моніторингу розвитку інноваційного потенціалу підприємства. Creation of innovations is a strategic priority to ensure competitiveness. An innovative way of development implies a certain innovation potential as the basis for this development. The concept of innovation potential as the conceptual reflection of innovation activities phenomenon has been evolving and clarifying in the process of methodological, theoretical and empirical studies since the early 80's. An important element of the innovation development management is the methods used in the procedures of evaluating company’s innovation potential. Analysis of the existing theoretical developments demonstrates the wide range of approaches to defining the essence of the company’s innovation potential. Among the most common of them there are resource, functional and combination approaches. In the first approach, the innovation potential of the company is mainly treated as a set of innovation resources that are interconnected, and the corresponding procedures that create conditions for the optimal use of these resources. The functional approach involves the review and analysis of the innovation potential in terms of the ability of the economic system to implement economic development based on innovations. Many researchers at present are trying to combine these approaches. In terms of modern resource theory the company’s innovation potential can be seen as a set of innovation competences and innovation organization capabilities based on innovation resources to achieve the goals of the company’s innovation development. Today there is a number of comprehensive approaches that are used in evaluating the innovation potential. They differ in a set of quantitative and qualitative characteristics that are being analyzed. The resource approach is based on the research of the enterprise innovation resources. The process-result approach involves the analysis of the innovation process results according to the innovation process stages. The personal approach is implemented by analyzing the ability of employees to generate innovative ideas and transform them into innovative products. The statistical approach involves research using questionnaires or surveys. The problem-oriented approach requires a clear selection of criteria, indicators, and assessment procedures corresponding to the problems identified. It is possible to use matrix methods in understanding the company’s innovation potential as the combination of resources, competencies and organizational capabilities for the purpose of evaluation and monitoring. An example is a four-component matrix based on modified and adapted to innovation problems approach developed by Russian scientists S. Yefremov and I. Khanykov. This matrix involves the selection of indicators in four areas. These are innovation projects, innovation resources, innovation competence and innovative organization capability. Based on a multi-profile comparative analysis there is identified the degree of connection and there is made the quantitative assessment between them. Based on this matrix it is possible to obtain the data on how specific innovation project implementation depends on the competences. This matrix allows to assess the innovation potential of the company. The result of the analysis is also an unambiguous definition of the areas of improving the innovation potential components.