Енергетична дипломатія як важлива складова зовнішньої політики держави: європейський досвід для України

Abstract

Розглянуто поняття “енергетична дипломатія” та особливості її провадження, виокремлено першочергові завдання для розвитку енергетичної дипломатії у зовнішній політиці України. За допомогою історичного, системного та структурно-функціонального методів з’ясовано, що міждержавна співпраця у формі енергетичної дипломатії забезпечує національні інтереси держави через використання широкого спектру класичних і специфічних зовнішньополітичних дій, а також створює додаткові засоби протидії глобальним викликам сьогодення, пов’язаним з енергетичною сферою. The article considers a notion of energy dyplomacy and peculiarities of its conduction, defines primary tasks for development of energy dyplomacy in the foreign policy of Ukraine. With the help of hystorical, systemic, and structural functional metods, it is revealed that interstate collaboration in the form of energy dyplomacy pursues national interest of a state through applying a wide range of classical and specific foreign policy actions, and creates additional means of counteracting global contemporary challenges connected with the energy sector. The author of the research draws a conclusion that energy dyplomacy becomes increasingly more important for solving problems in the energy sector. This dyplomacy has to work towards fulfillment of two groups of objectives – classical and modern ones caused by dynamism of scientific and technical progress in the 21st century. Thus, the first category contains establishing stable supply of energy resources, ensuring diversification of suppliers and energy resources. The second group includes participation of Ukraine in the global energy dialogue (gas and atom); synchronisation of the energy policy of Ukraine and the EU; monitoring the main trends of the energy revolution (for instance, shale gas); commercialisation of national intellectual resources and providing access to international markets of new energy technologies; involving foreign investment into national energy sector; positioning Ukraine as a part of an integral European energy space, etc. Consolidated efforts of specialized state institutions, energy companies, and other interested actors for fulfillment of accurately defined foreign policy priorities of the energy sector will enable achieving several goals. In particular, this will help counteract Russia in the hybrid warefare, become a part of an integral European energy space, promote energy interests of Ukraine in geopolitical dimension and develop an internal energy market. Equally important task here is preparation of qualified professionals in energy dyplomacy through implementation of new interdisciplinary educational programs which would form professional competences from the spheres of dyplomacy and energy policy of the state.