Вимірювальна техніка та метрологія
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Item Expert assessment of the competencies and results of bachelor's study according to the standard of higher education in information and measurement technologies(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-03-01) Gordiyenko, Tetyana; Pototskyi, Ihor; Velychko, Oleh; Kuzmenko, Iurii; Salceanu, Alexandru; State Enterprise “Ukrmetrteststandard”; Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of IaşiThe article establishes the relevance of researching the importance of applied competencies and learning results in the standard of higher education for obtaining the bachelor's degree in the specialty “Information and measurement technologies”. To achieve the goal, the description and requirements of competencies and learning results were analyzed, and an algorithm for group expert assessment of their importance was proposed and substantiated. Based on the assessment, the priority of professional competencies and learning results was established. The most important competencies and learning results that can significantly influence the quality of education in the specialty are determined. Competences and learning results with the least impact on the quality of education in the specialty have been identified, which may indicate their formal nature. To better balance the system of competencies and learning results, it is necessary to pay special attention to those that have the least influence during the next revision of the standard of higher education for the training of bachelors in the specialty “Information and measurement technologies”. The changes to the description of competencies and learning results proposed by the experts take into account the current trends in the development of the industry, provisions of current legislation, regulatory documents, and established terminology in the field of metrology and information and measurement technologies.Item Generalized risk assessment procedure for software testing of legally regulated measuring instruments(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Gaman, Valentyn; Kursin, Serhii; Velychko, Oleh; SE “Ukrmetrteststandard”The legal metrology covers measuring instruments (MI), the measurement results of which are used in calculations for consumed energy resources, in the fields of information protection, security, environmental protection, etc. Most modern MIs use microcontrollers or are controlled by computers. The software (SW) of such MIs provides an opportunity not only to automate the processes of measurement and calculation of results but also to ensure long-term storage and data transfer. The manufacturer is responsible for investigating and assessing all possible risks related to the MI SW. The task of the conformity assessment body is to assess the conformity of MIs adequately in general and software, in particular, to the established requirements based on the analysis of risk classes. Standards for information security risk management, information technology security assessment, and information technology security assessment criteria consider only general issues of software security and risk assessment without taking into account the scope of its application. The existing regulatory documents on software risk management were considered. Modern methods of assessing the risks of the MI SW were studied. To assess the risks of software of legally regulated MIs, a general classification of threats and vulnerabilities of MI SW was made. For choosing threats that affect functionality, only those that affect metrological characteristics during measurement are taken into account. Possible manifestations of the impact of threats on stored data can be their distortion or destruction, and transmissions of data can be data distortion during transmission or data loss due to a break in the telecommunications connection. A proposed simplified risk assessment methodology for assessing the compliance of MI SW without statistical data on the probabilities of threats and the amount of harm from the implementation of threats is presented. Risk is defined as the probability of harm due to a certain vulnerability, taking into account the conditional amount of harm.Item Research of long-term drift of the national inductance standard(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Velychko, Oleh; Dombrovskyi, Maxym; State Enterprise “Ukrmetrteststandard”Inductance measurements is important for all branches of technology related to the application of electricity: energy and electronics, radio and television, transport and communication, and scientific research. Electromechanical devices and electronic components can be characterized using impedance measurements to identify the parameters of their equivalent electrical model. New inductance measurement methods are being developed in specific fields of activity. Manufacturers of standards and measuring instruments of inductance develop special handbooks outlining various methods of inductance measurement. The State Primary Standard of Ukraine for inductance and loss angle tangent reproduces and transmits a unit of inductance in the range from1∙10–6 H to 10 H at a frequency of 1 kHz. It is keeping in the SE “Ukrmetrteststandard” and participated in several comparisons of national standards within the framework of the activities of regional metrological organizations. The calibration and measurement capabilities of inductance measurement of national laboratories of different countries were studied to analyze and compare the capabilities of the national standard with the standards of other countries. Long-term instability studies of inductance measures of 1 mH, 10 mH and 100 mH, which are part of the national standard unit of inductance, have been conducted. The research period covered from 2009 to 2022. It was established that the drift lines of the specified inductance measures can be described using linear approximations. The rationale for choosing inductance measures of 10 mH and 100 mH for their use as transmission standards in the calibration of standards, which were organized and conducted by SE “Ukrmetrteststandard” as their pilot laboratory, is given.Item Comparative analysis of expert evaluation of quality criteria of the educational program for the field of computer-integrated technologies(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Gordiyenko, Tetyana; Velychko, Oleh; Salceanu, Alexandru; State University of Telecommunications; State Enterprise “Ukrmetrteststandard”; Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of IaşiThe article presents the results of comparative expert research to establish the importance of the applied national criteria for the quality of the educational program (CQEP) of higher education institutions (HEIs). For these studies, a group expert assessment of the importance of the CQEP for the educational program (EP) in the field of computer-integrated technologies was applied. The teaching staff of two universities is involved in conducting such an evaluation: The State University of Telecommunications (Ukraine) and the Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iaşi (Romania). To conduct this research, the existing CQEP and their sub-criteria and a special algorithm of group expert evaluation were used. It has been established that the most important CQEP and their sub-criteria include, first of all, CQEP regarding human resources, the educational environment, material resources, and the structure and content of the EP. The greatest spread of experts’ opinions (from the weightiest to the least weighty) can be stated for the sub-criteria of CQEP regarding access to EP and recognition of training results and transparency and publicity. With this in mind, this CQEP sub-criteria requires close attention when revising them for a better balance of the CQEP subcriteria system. Harmonization of the list of fields of knowledge and specialties for which higher education students are trained with the International Standard Classification of Education, as well as the national terminological and conceptual apparatus with the international one, should be considered extremely appropriate in Ukraine. The issue of prioritizing the preparation of higher educational institutions for the accreditation of the EP, meeting the most essential requirements of the sub-criteria of the CQEP, and taking into account their significant number, remains relevant. This also determines the relevance and necessity of conducting special expert studies on the comparison of the importance of CQEP for different fields of knowledge.Item Automation of measurements on the state standard of the unit of phase shift angle between two voltages(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Velychko, Oleh; Kulish, Yuliia; State Enterprise “Ukrmetrteststandard”The phase is one of the main parameters of the oscillatory process in electric circuits and contains two components – constant and variable. More often, it is not the actual phase that is measured, but the phase shift angle (PSA) between two oscillating processes (voltages or currents) of the same frequency in the range from 0 to 360˚. Then the PSA is equal to the difference between the constant components of the phases of the two oscillations and does not depend on the start of the time count. Most of the modern methods of measuring the phase and PSA are based on the methods of discretization and digital signal processing – complex Fourier transform, least squares, etc. There are many varieties and improvements of these methods, which have different characteristics of measurement accuracy. The LabVIEW graphical programming environment has already become a general- purpose programming environment. Advantages of LabVIEW include simple networking, implementation of common communication protocols, powerful toolkits for process control and data fitting, fast and simple user interface design, and an efficient code execution environment. The article presents the results of the automation of measurements on the State Standard of the PSA between two voltages in the frequency range from 5 Hz to 10 MHz. Automation of precision measurements of PSA using the LabVIEW software environment provides advantages in comparison with manual measurements, in particular, reducing the time of measurement and processing of its results by at least three times. This ensures an increase in the productivity of metrological works; increasing their efficiency and quality, and the possibility of increasing the number of measurements (up to 1000), which allows for improve the root mean square deviation of not less than one and a half times, and reduce the overall standard measurement uncertainty, respectively.Item Calibration of analyzers of the mobile communication system parameters(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2022-02-28) Meshcheriak, Oleh; Velychko, Oleh; State Enterprise “Ukrmetrteststandard”The creation and operation of mobile communication systems is impossible without determining the parameters of base stations and mobile communication systems. For these purposes, appropriate devices are used that optimally combine testing capabilities in a single portable solution, which eliminates the need for several separate control and measuring devices. One of the main types of measurements of such devices is the measurement of the power of ultra-high and extremely high frequency signals. The article presents the method of calibrating meters of directional and absorbed power of ultra-high and extremely high frequency signals using the Bird 5000-EX mobile communication system parameter analyzers complete with the Power Sensor 5010V sensor and measuring sensors, Anritsu CellMaster MT8212EA and Arnitsu SiteMaster S331E spectrum analyzers. Calibration schemes for analyzers of parameters of mobile communication systems and analyzers of mobile communication base stations (hereinafter referred to as analyzers) have been developed. A measurement model of the analyzers based on the parameters of the directional and absorbed power of ultra-high and extremely high frequency signals based on the developed calibration schemes was created. The contribution of each component of the measurement model to the calibration result and the corresponding uncertainties of the model components were determined. The measurement uncertainty budget was made based on the proposed analyzer calibration model. The influence of the most significant influential values on the accuracy of measurement results was analyzed. The content of quantitative and qualitative indicators of corrections, which must be taken into account during calibration to achieve the highest accuracy of measurements, is revealed. The practical results of studies of measurement instability are given. The analyzer calibration method described in the article can be used in calibration laboratories that have the appropriate equipment and standards.Item Calibration of quartz electronic stopwatchers comparison method using a digital camera(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2022-02-28) Meshcheriak, Oleh; Velychko, Oleh; State Enterprise “Ukrmetrteststandard”Measurement of time intervals with low accuracy on intervals from a few seconds to several hours or days is relevant for some broad applications in various fields of activity. Such measurements are widely used in the technological processes of various enterprises during the preparation and quality control of the preparation of medicines, during the maintenance of technical equipment and mechanisms, chemical technological processes, etc. For such measurements, manual electronic quartz stopwatches are widely used, which, despite their not too high measurement accuracy, must guarantee users the accuracy of measurements within the tolerance established by the technical documentation, since the risks of using untested measuring equipment are quite high, or generally unacceptable especially in the medical field. The issue of calibrating quartz electronic stopwatches by various methods remains relevant for many of their applications. The article discusses the calibration of quartz electronic stopwatches by the method of comparison using a digital camera. A calibration scheme for stopwatches was developed and a calibration measurement model was created based on the developed calibration scheme. The contribution of each component of the measurement model to the calibration result and the corresponding uncertainties of the model components were determined. The measurement uncertainty budget was made based on the proposed stopwatch calibration model. The influence of the most significant influential values on the accuracy of measurement results was analyzed. The content of quantitative and qualitative correction indicators, which must be taken into account during calibration to achieve the highest accuracy of measurements, is revealed. The method of calibrating stopwatches described in the article can be used in calibration laboratories that have the appropriate equipment and standards.Item Comparative analysis of technical characteristics of charging stations of electric vehicles(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2022-02-28) Velychko, Oleh; Gordiyenko, Tetyana; State Enterprise “Ukrmetrteststandard”; State University of TelecommunicationsThe article analyzes and compares charging stations for electric vehicles and their components. The analysis of charging modes of electric vehicles showed that four internationally standardized modes are used, three of which use alternating current with single-phase and three-phase switching and only one – direct current. When charging on direct current, the fastest charging is provided. There are four standardized cases of connecting charging stations to electric vehicles. Three cases of cable connection can be used on alternating current, only the third case – on direct current, and the fourth case – when wirelessly charging an electric car. Analysis of the principles of use of charging stations showed that they classify portable, wall, and stationary stations. National standards introduce road signs for electric vehicles, and a European standard establishes harmonized identifiers for the power supply of electric vehicles. There are some standardized protocols for the interaction of the charging station and the control server, which are designed to optimize energy resources and energy production systems. A comparison of existing types of connectors for charging electric vehicles has shown that the standardized interface between the charging station and the electric vehicle remains one of the most acute problems. Recommendations on approaches to metrological support of charging stations are formulated. The issue of international and regional standardization of electricity meters of direct current for use in charging stations remains relevant. International standards are transformed into relevant European standards without changes. However, in some cases, it is necessary to develop a special European standard, in particular for meters of active electrical energy of the direct current.