Вимірювальна техніка та метрологія

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    Soft (perceptual) metrology: dissemination of information-measuring technologies in the area “Measuring the impossible”.
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2020-02-24) Motalo, Vasyl; Chereshnevska, Anzhelika; Savitska, Yuliia; Lviv Polytechnic National University
    The article focuses on the main problems of the development of the soft (perceptual) metrology as one of the new progressive areas of modern metrology that has appeared as a result of the dissemination of the information measuring technologies into the field of knowledge of non-physical phenomena and processes. An overview and analysis of well-known works on the topic of soft metrology are conducted. The areas of soft metrology research have been considered and analyzed, in particular, the investigation of the correlation between human, subjective responses to stimuli and physical, objective measurements. The question of the methodology of carrying out sensometrical measurements, that is, measurements of quantities characterizing the human sensations and responses to stimuli is considered. The main tasks of the research in the field of soft metrology for the implementation of its concept in practical applications, in particular in robotics have been established.
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    Neurocontrolled object parameters adjustment by Ackermann’s formula usage
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2020-02-24) Nakonechnyi, Markiyan; Ivakhiv, Orest; Viter, Oleksandr; Nakonechnyi, Yuriy; Lviv Polytechnic National University
    Synthesis methods of controllers based on the use of frequency characteristics or root hodographs are considered classic or traditional. Frequency methods are available in practical applications, and most control systems are designed based on various modifications to these methods. A distinctive feature of these methods is the so-called robustness, which means that the characteristics of a closed system are insensitive to the minor errors of the model of the real system. This feature is significant because of the complexity of constructing an accurate model of the real system, as well as the fact that many systems are inherent in all kinds of nonlinearities, which complicate their analysis and synthesis. In recent years, many attempts have been made to develop new methods of synthesis, commonly referred to as modern control theory. One synthesis method is like the root hodograph method, which allows positioning the poles of the closed-loop transfer function at predetermined points. In the article on the basis of information about the desired transient characteristic of the reference, which is obtained on the basis of a dynamic neural network, using the Ackerman formula, a procedure for calculating the coefficient matrix, whose introduction in the structure of the object model provides the specified dynamics of the process. On the base of the reference mathematical model is created the architecture of the corresponding dynamic neural network. During training, there is the target function as a numerical sequence that corresponds to the desired transient characteristic of the system, and the input signal is given in the form of a numerical sequence that reproduces jump function. Using the values of the weight coefficients obtained in the course of learning the neural network, the coefficients of the mathematical model of the reference and the roots of its characteristic equation are calculated, with the following calculation using the Ackerman formula of the coefficients of the matrix, whose values are entered into the structure of the model ensuring the specified dynamics of the process in it.