Вимірювальна техніка та метрологія

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    Багаторівнева метрологічна перевірка кіберфізичних систем
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Олеськів, Ольга
    Проаналізовано особливості функціонування кіберфізичних систем та їх компонентів. Розглянуто можливості під’єднання первинних перетворювачів до кіберфізичних систем. Запропоновано варіанти структурної реалізації кіберфізичних систем. Запропоновано багаторівневу метрологічну перевірку кіберфізичних систем. Запропоновано алгоритми перевірки програмного забезпечення кіберфізичних систем на системному, підсистемному рівнях та на рівні інтелектуальних первинних перетворювачів. Проанализированы особенности функционирования киберфизических систем и их компонентов. Рассмотрены возможности подключения первичных преобразователей к киберфизическим системам. Предложены варианты структурной реализации киберфизических систем. Предложено многоуровневую метрологическую проверку киберфизических систем. Предложены алгоритмы проверки программного обеспечения киберфизических систем на системном и подсистемном уровнях, а также на уровне интеллектуальных первичных преобразователей. This article presents the features of functioning the cyber-physical systems and their components. The cyber-physical systems are complex systems which components may be located at great distance from one another. The cyber-physical systems perform processing of information and functions of monitoring and control equipment. Cyber-physical systems infrastructure mainly consists of subsystems, which electronic components are implemented through the embedded system control and get information about the environment through sensors and measuring device and can influence it through actuators. The analysis opportunity of sensors possible accession to embedded system control is examined. The classification by the sensors output signal type is considered. On the basis of the sensors classification concluded that the cyber-physical systems is most expedient to use intelligent sensors. Intelligent sensors have a number of properties that significantly distinguish them from other types of sensors. Intelligent sensors can automatically choose measuring range, carry out algorithmic correction of the measurement results, operate in a dialogue with the central control system, take decisions, transfer measurement results in digital form, as well as alarms and others. Intelligent sensors can conduct self-tuning, selftesting and self-examination. Intelligent sensors performing necessary conversion of measurement data andmathematical processing of measurement results. Therefore, the use of intelligent sensors enables to release embedded system control from storage and processing of a large number of intermediate data. Given the above information allows considering the optimal use of intelligent sensors in cyber-physical systems. A structural implementation of cyber-physical systems in two ways is proposed: 1) all subsystems of cyber-physical systems is equal, able to form task and together with other components to participate in solving them, carry out a self-testing, self-examination, etc.; 2) in the cyber-physical systems are basic subsystem that controls and verification all other subsystems, primary means, and sensors performs. According to the results of the analysis of the cyber-physical system and those components characteristics, amultilevel remote metrological verification of cyber-physical systems is proposed.With the proposed algorithm the cyber-physical system components can be verified at the request of any component, subsystem or system as a whole. Also a person can initiate ametrological testing process, if there is suspicion of incorrect operation or its time for cyber-physical system routine verification. The algorithms of metrological verification the software of cyber-physical systems at the system, subsystem and sensors levels are proposed. Ideally, the human factor is excluded from the verification process. The person will be involved in the verification of the cyber-physical systems software only when are errors with which the system can not cope on their own.