Environmental Problems
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://ena.lpnu.ua/handle/ntb/33081
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Item Management efficiency for certain types of plastic waste(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2023-02-28) Mykhailenko, Vladyslav; Shelinhovskyi, Dmytro; Safranov, Tamerlan; Odessa State Environmental UniversityThe issue of segregating plastic waste from the general stream of municipal solid waste and its recycling and disposal is a pressing environmental and socio-economic problem. Given that existing plastic waste recycling facilities in Ukraine are underutilized and partially operate on imported raw materials, the problem of separating and processing certain types of plastic waste from Ukraine's overall solid waste flow is extremely urgent. Plastic wastes are categorized by disposal complexity into three groups: 1.With good properties (clean, sorted, easily disposed of, and up to 90% of similar materials can be used during recycling); 2. With medium properties (containing a certain amount of pollutants, that require sorting, and their processing involves additional costs such as selection, washing, etc., resulting in only 20-30% of their initial quantity being recycled); 3. Difficult-to-dispose wastes (heavily contaminated and mixed, their processing is often not cost-effective). Polyethylene is one of the most common types of plastic wastes in Ukraine, accounting for 34% of all plastic waste. It was discovered that low-pressure or high-density polyethylene is one of the most marketable types of secondary raw materials in Ukraine, making the separation and collection of this type of plastic waste economically beneficial. The aim of the study is to justify the possibilities of extracting and disposing of plastic waste from the flow of municipal solid wastes in specific cities of Ukraine. This has been implemented by the public organization "City of the Future" in partnership with the Odesa State Environmental University.Item The problem of evaluation of individual persistent organic pollutants emissions from road transport (Illustrated by the case of Odessa industrial-and-urban agglomeration)(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2022-06-01) Mykhailenko, Vladyslav; Safranov, Tamerlan; Odessa State Environmental UniversityOne of the main environmental polluters, especially in large cities of Ukraine, is road transport. In particular, road transport is one of the main sources of persistent organic pollutants in the environment. Therefore, monitoring of air pollution by road transport is one of the most relevant questions in Ukraine, especially considering its intentions to join the European Union. Analysis of the regulatory and legislative frameworks of Ukraine shows that, unfortunately, today, there are no regulatory documents that motivate to reduce the load of mobile sources, including road transport, on the environment. Moreover, even though the only methodology for calculating pollutant emissions from mobile sources expired in 2015, no new methodology has been developed yet. This paper calculates the masses of pollutants formed during the combustion of gasoline and diesel fuel, and proves the necessity to take into consideration persistent organic pollutants when assessing the toxicity of exhaust fumes, considering their cumulative effect and half-life. The calculation was performed according to European and national (Ukrainian) methodologies, which are supplemented by the calculation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) formation. Using the relative hazard factor, the relative masses of these substances are calculated, the obtained masses of all components of the exhaust fumes are ranked, the contribution of each component to the toxicity of emissions is revealed. Using emission factors, the specific emissions of these persistent organic pollutants during the combustion of diesel fuel, gasoline, liquefied and compressed gases are calculated. By the results, the types of organic fuels with the highest priority for use by mobile sources are identified.Item Principles of justification of regional programmes of municipal solid waste treatment(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2018-02-26) Safranov, Tamerlan; Shanina, Tetiana; Prykhodko, Veronika; Shynkarenko, Mykola; Odesa State Environmental UniversityIt is the scientific justification of the regional programme of the municipal solid waste treatment (MSW) with the example of Odessa region which will promote the increase is environmental safety of the population, reduction of the negative impact on the environment by the improvement and modernization of the existing system of MSW treatment with final achievement of a “zero waste” state due to the transfer of the maximum amount of waste into the liquid secondary raw materials, alternative source of energy and environmentally-friendly organic-mineral fertilizer. Such approach differs essentially from the existing developments of regional programmes of MSW treatment and has a scientific - methodical and practical value.Item Modeling evolutionary dynamics of complex ecosystems using combined chaos theory and neural networks methods: I. Formal theoretical basis for application to environmental radioactivity dynamics(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2017-09-08) Glushkov, Alexander; Khetselius, Olga; Safranov, Tamerlan; Buyadzhi, Vasily; Ignatenko, Anna; Svinarenko, Andrey; Odessa State Environmental UniversityWe present elements of the formal mathematical approach to the analysis, modeling and further prediction of the nonlinear dynamics of chaotic systems based on the methods of nonlinear analysis and neural networks. As the object of studing is the environmental radioactivity dynamics. Using such a combined method is proposed for the first time in the environmental radioactivity dynamnics studying. Use of the information about the phase space in the simulation of the evolution of the physical process in time can be considered as a major innovation in the modeling of chaotic processes in the complex systems. This concept can be achieved by constructing a parameterized nonlinear function F (x, a), which transform y (n) to y(n+1) = = F[y(n),a], and then use different criteria for determining the parameters a . Firstly to build the desired functions it is offered using the wavelet expansions. Further, since there is the notion of local neighborhoods, we can create a model of the process occurring in the neighborhood, at the neighborhood and by combining together these local models to construct a global non-linear model to describe most of the structure of the attractor.Item Studying an air ventilation and pollution in an atmosphere of industrial city: elements of new modeling approach and green-city technology(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2017-09-08) Khetselius, Olga; Glushkov, Alexander; Safranov, Tamerlan; Buyadzhi, Vasily; Bunyakova, Yuliya; Romanova, Anna; Odessa State Environmental UniversityWe develop the elements of a new generalized approach to natural air ventilation of the industrial city. It is based on the Arakawa-Shubert and Glushkov models which allow to give a quantitative reliable modelling an unsteady turbulence in the urban area and atmospheric ventilation dynamics. To calculate the air circulation for the cloud layer arrays, penetrating into the territory of the urban area, we apply the methods of a plane complex field theory. The method allows to calculate the convection parameters and shifting cumulus cloud ensemble from surrounung regions. An advanced mathematical method for modelling an unsteady turbulence in the city’s area is developed and applied. As illustrative example, we apply our approach to computing the ventilation potential and current function for typical (quite simplified) sinopticl situation for the territory of the Odessa city.Item Water resources of Ukraine: usage, qualitive and quantitative assessment (with detail description of Odessa region)(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Safranov, Tamerlan; Berlinskyi, Nikolai; Volkov, AndreiThe level of pollutant in river and reservoirs water in Ukraine is rather high. The assessment of the modern state of water resources in the different regions had been done. In generally it was determined that water infrastructure in Ukraine needs reconstruction. New State Program of Water Management Conception and new Law about water management up to 2020 had been approved. Nine basins committees were organized. Committees are composed of representatives of science, practical specialists and the public. The main directions of this Program were supported by World Summit on Sustainable Development.Item Spatial and temporal variability of pollutants in the bottom sediments in the northwest part of the Black sea(Publishing House of Lviv Polytechnic National University, 2016) Berlinskyi, Nikolai; Safranov, TamerlanThe level of pollution of the bottom sediments in the Northwest shelf of the Black Sea is examined. Modern data are compared with those of the late 20th century and their variability over 30 years. Substantial increase (by two orders) of copper, lead and nickel concentration has been marked.