Світовий досвід розвитку залізничного транспорту та перспективи його розвитку в Україні

Abstract

Розглянуто світовий досвід упровадження швидкісного залізничного руху у різних країнах світу. Описано світові моделі реформування залізничного транспорту і ймовірність розвитку однієї з моделей на залізничному транспорті України. Також розглянуто і проаналізовано роботу швидкісних поїздів “ІНТЕРСІТІ+”. Для підвищення ефективності функціонування українського залізничного транспорту підтверджено необхідність вирішення нагальних завдань сьогодення. Ukrainian rail transport is one of the most important sectors of the industrial infrastructure of the national economy - the foundation of the transport system of Ukraine. The Future of the Railway Transport of Ukraine related to the implementation of strategic decisions, including reforming and implementing large-scale innovation projects. The organization of the high-speed passenger traffic is the most relevant today. The future of the passenger traffic by rail of Ukraine depends on the further development and improvement of highways, and on the creation of high-speed highways in the future. It will help to improve the competitiveness of the rail transport. The purpose of the article – is to research the world experience of the implementation of high-speed railway traffic by rail and of its development in Ukraine. The world experience of the implementation of the high-speed railway traffic by rail of Western Europe and Japan, Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Holland, Spain, Italy, France and China is considered. The models according to which the reformation of Ukrzaliznytsia can be implemented are considered: 1.The European model is the first one, it assumes that cars and locomotives are owned by private companies competing with each other. Routes, stations and other infrastructure are owned by the state or state company, such as Ukrzaliznytsia. Private operators pay for the use of the public infrastructure. 2. The second model assumes that the state owns the infrastructure and rolling stock, but private companies are eligible to railroading market in order to increase the service quality by means of the competition. 3. The third model is implemented in the United States, Canada, Brazil and Mexico. It implies the existence of several railway companies like Ukrzaliznytsia. It means that tracks and trains are in their possession, and they compete with each other through offering transportation by alternative routes. In Ukraine the high-speed running (up to 300 km / h) is unlikely to be possible in the near future. Such speed needs a separate line, where neither crossing with other highways nor a large number of turns of small radius will prevent the railway traffic. By international experience, its construction will cost several dozens or hundreds of millions of dollars. For example, in China, where the construction of high-speed roads is put on a grand scale, the cost of a kilometer of this highway is $ 10-20 million. Therefore, the most promising way for railway transport of Ukraine is to develop socalled accelerated motion (up to 160 km / h) on the basis of available ways. Considering the world experience, to enhance the efficiency of the Ukrainian rail transport currently it is necessary: 1. To develop the accelerated motion (up to 160 km / h) on the basis of available routes. 2. To enhance the speed of passenger trains to 200km / h, it requires the technical reequipment of railroad facilities, providing of further mechanization of its technologic processes. 3. To implement the high-speed running, a separate new track should be built for it, which provides the possibility of the passenger train movement at a speed of 200 - 350 km / h. In this regard capacities of the rail transport and other organizations should be involved. 4. To divide freight and passenger flows. To improve the competitiveness of high-speed trains “Intercity +” it is necessary: 1. To reduce the term of travel; 2. To optimize the schedule of high-speed trains; 3. To extend the network of highways network throughout the whole territory of Ukraine; 4. To optimize the rate of tariffs in order to attract extra passengers to high-speed traffic. 5. To implement the high-speed traffic on the territory of Ukraine. The main direction of Ukrainian rail transport development is the establishment and further improvement of speed and then high-speed highways. This will create a number of competitive advantages not only for rail transport, but also for the entire state economy by increasing amount of passengers.