Формування асинхронних дискретних систем бізнес-процесів підприємств

Abstract

У дисертаційній роботі наведено теоретичне узагальнення та запропоновано нове вирішення наукового завдання щодо розроблення теоретичного та методичного забезпечення для опису, аналізу, проектування, структуризації та реструктуризації бізнес-процесів підприємств з застосуванням апарату асинхронних дискретних систем та простих і вищого порядку мереж Петрі. Піддаються оцінюванню основні характеристики бізнес-процесів: завантаженості операцій; шляхи перетворення вхідних продуктів, шляхи утворення кінцевих продуктів, критичні шляхи, циклічні операції, можливості розпаралелювання операцій тощо. Розроблено моделі простих мереж Петрі для дослідження: особливостей використання ресурсів та систем з обмеженим обсягом; особливостей використання складських приміщень; для бізнес-процесів комплектування виробів та структур з циклічними чергами різноманітних типів, в тому числі пріоритетних. Розроблено моделі мереж Петрі вищого порядку (часові та кольорові) для дослідження систем масового обслуговування з однолінійними та багатолінійними чергами. Визначено показники їх ефективності: продуктивність, довжини черг, час очікування, вимоги до структури. В диссертационной работе приведено теоретическое обобщение и предложено новое решение научной задачи по разработке теоретического и методического обеспечения для описания, анализа, проектирования, структуризации и реструктуризации бизнес-процессов предприятий с применением аппарата асинхронных дискретных систем и простых и высокого порядка сетей Петри. Поддаются оцениванию основные характеристики бизнес-процессов: загруженности операций, путей преобразования входных продуктов, путей образования конечных продуктов, критических путей, циклических операций, возможности распараллеливания операций и другие. Разработаны модели простых сетей Петри для исследования особенностей использования ресурсов и систем с ограниченным объемом; особенностей использования складских помещений; для бизнес-процессов комплектования изделий и структур с циклическими очередями различных типов. Разработаны модели сетей Петри высшего порядка (временные и цветные) для исследования систем массового обслуживания с однолинейными и многолинейными очередями. Определены показатели их эффективности: производительность, длины очередей, время ожидания, требования к структуре. The thesis is dedicated to the solution of scientific and applied problem of enterprises’ asynchronous discrete systems of the formation of business-processes. The relevance of scientific research is confirmed by the fact that the optimization of production processes in competitive environment and globalization are particularly important in the current conditions of the market economy. The enterprises’ business-processes formalization by using a process approach and building the instruments for their analysis in order to enable further implementation in the robotic systems is one of the urgent tasks of modern economic science. The theoretical generalization and new solutions for analysis, design, structuring and restructuring of enterprises with using the asynchronous discrete systems approach and simple and higher-level Petri are developed in the dissertation. The essence and significance of the process approach to the enterprise management and production processes found in the first chapter «Theory and applied tools for forming asynchronous discrete business-process systems of enterprise». The review of the Protos, ARIS, FLOWer, FileNet, ARENA, CPN and other software systems is provided. It is shown that the systems Protos and CPN which are based on the Petri nets have good possibilities for describing business-processes. The second chapter «The analysis of enterprises’ business-processes as the asynchronous discrete systems» describes the properties of the business-processes as such systems. The properties of discreteness, asynchrony, coherence and parallelism that are characteristic of the manufacturing processes of enterprises are detailed. The classification of Petri nets and basic logical operations which are required for the implementation in any business-process are described. The Petri nets create the opportunity to reveal such properties of business-processes: security, limitation, conservation, activity, dead-ends, traps, connectivity, covering up and others. It is shown that Petri nets have a well-developed semantics that allows to describe the business-processes clearly and in detail, to explore their properties accurately, to study patterns of operations. The timed and colored high-level Petri nets are one of the most efficient tools for the enterprises’ business-processes modeling at the most detailed level and for studying of their functioning. They allow to describe all the logical functions that are present in the business-processes. Petri nets are efficient tools for creating software and information systems of the computer automated design of business-processes and robotic systems, specifically for their optimization. They allow to use the powerful aid of the modern mathematics methods. Such features are present only partially in the other modeling systems that are used to the business-processes’ design. Analysis of business-process as asynchronous discrete system allows us to define and to describe many of its features, including: the ways of the products passing from each input of to each output; the critical pathways that require the greatest time for implementation; the total value for each operation taking into account the values of individual processes; the total value of consumption of each input product; the value of each finished product; the operations and the routes that have an overload or an underload; the chains that can be parallelized; the operations, which are responsible for the creation of every product; the operations, where conversion of each input product takes place; the system’s protocols that directly indicate which output products are created from given source product, and system’s repositions which indicate which sources products are used for creating the given output product; the loops in separate processes, where performance of certain operations including hierarchically nesting cycles is a repeated; the workload of each cycle, taking into account the values of the parameters of each operation and requirements for its periodicity. The method of structuring and restructuring of enterprises that is based on hierarchical cluster analysis of business-processes is developed. This enables estimation of the multilevel structure of the enterprise, the entry of some business operations into other, the entry of some divisions into other of higher levels; receipt of recommendations for structuring the enterprise taking into account the characteristics of the connections between business operations, minimization of the number of connections between the divisions and maximization of their number within a single division. Developed detailed algorithms make it possible to ensure the desired requirements for the structure of the enterprise, to optimize the solutions taking into account the additional constraints, to create the units of different volumes of work, to include or exclude certain operations in a specific unit etc. Description of the business-process as asynchronous discrete system creates conditions for its structural analysis that can be used for designing new and reengineering existing systems to enhance their effectiveness. The models of business-processes as a high-level Petri are developed for: one-linear and many-linear queueing systems such as «Customer – Queue – Performer»; for varying number of customers; for single and many-profile performers. The assessment of their efficiency, the waiting time in the queue and the necessary requirements to ensure the given waiting time in the line which does not exceed the specified value are given. The тhesis is performed within the research of the Department of management and international business of National University «Lvivska politekhnika». The research materials are used in the enterprises LLC «Elektropobutprylad» and LLC «Nestle Ukraine» as well as for the discipline «Economics and management – legal support of business activity» for students of the specialty 073 «Management» specialization «Business administration».