Інтеграція солярних елементів в архітектуру історичних будівель (технічні аспекти)

Abstract

Визначено основні архітектурні прийоми активного використання сонячної енергії у будівлях історичного ареалу. Проаналізовано сучасні типи фотоелектричних перетворювачів. Окреслено перелік технічних рішень солярних елементів та енерго- генеруючих матеріалів, що можуть бути інтегровані в архітектуру історичних будівель. Ключові слова: солярні елементи, архітектуроенергозбереження, активне використання сонячної енергії, історична забудова, технічні рішення, сонячні панелі. Improving the energy efficiency of historic buildings is primarily associated with the use of renewable energy sources. The interests of the protection of cultural heritage is a priority for solving this problems. Equipment integration in building outline is done invisibly. It is necessary to determine which of a wide range of modern technical solutions and solar energy generating elements and materials can be applied to historic buildings. Architectural techniques for active use of solar energy supply for historic buildings and improvement the quality of the urban environment, demonstrative, obscuring and declarative were analyzed. The first, demonstration method, involves the use of stylistically-forming solutions with active methods of reconstruction. Second, obscuring – covering solutions that are hiding solar energy system including in the appearance of the building. According to the third declarative method, solar power system located in close proximity to the historic building or on roofs or facades of neighboring buildings. This method is aimed at maximum preservation of cultural heritage and acceptable for even the world-important monuments. The main modern types of solar elements are analyzed in this article. The number of technical solutions of solar elements and energy generating materials are defined to be integrated into the architecture of historic buildings. Standard solutions of layout of mono- or polycrystalline solar elements in a typical panel can not be used in energy modernisation processes in the historic buildings. Solar elements that imitate traditional materials can be applied in obscuring and declarative methods of energy modernization of historic buildings. The use of certain types of solar elements that are equipped with concentrators are affordable at demonstration method.