Особливості архітектури центральної частини м. Вінниці кінця ХІХ початку – ХХ століть

Abstract

У статті досліджено особливості архітектури центральної частини м. Вінниці кінця XIX – початку XX століть. Визначено специфіку розвитку стильових тенденцій та типології споруд. Запропоновано періодизацію розвитку архітектури, з урахуванням архітектурно-містобудівних та історико-культурних чинників.Nowadays, the culture sights is often caused by an increase of public interest. It is related to new attitude toward the historical past and its reinterpretation. We got a priceless monuments of history and culture of the previous centuries. They embodied the history of Ukrainian people, their work, and the struggle for a better future. Monuments of Culture – is still attractions: archeology, history, architecture, town planning, monumental art, science and technology. It is the evidence of the original development of our people and a reflection of the economic, social, political, scientific and cultural development. Today adaptation of the historic center features to the needs of the modern city – is the one of the most difficult problems in Vinnytsia. He formed along the main axis of the city – Soborna Street. Today included new objects in the composite structure of the historic center which destroyed ensemble connections between its parts. Disappears integrity of the urban environment. Thus arose an urgent need to preserve determine the stages of architecture, identify and synthesize stylistic features and consider the best examples of architecture of Vinnytsia. The relevance of the work is also necessary synthesis of knowledge. Most works from history of architecture of XIX–XX centuries is traditionally sanctified to specific architectural style, specific masters of architecture. For the construction of integral picture of development of architectural styles the initial stage there was the generalized and systematized material from history of architecture. It was also selected range of public and residential buildings, the example that address regional specificity of architecture. Determination of the stages of town-planning development of Vinnytsia, first of all, related to community and economic development of city. Its peak occurred in the period of the late XIX early XX century. The last century witnessed rapid development of technical progress that was represented in an architectural form. A unique feature of this time is its transience. For one century architecture changed its face several times. Together with the change of the social and economic mode, after building in 1871 near the railroad Kyiv- Odessa-Balta, the reform of local government and the establishment of Vinnytsia City Council began the important urban changes. For the period of the late XIX beginning of XX century was characterized by a fairly stable development of architectural and planning structure of the city and some accumulation of random changes. They relate to the eclectic development and rapid change in the stylistic preferences of the architectural activities. The architectural face of Vinnytsia was formed using a variety of European forms. In architecture of Vinnytsia to the mid-twentieth century marked increase in historical styles that replaced the constructivism. At this time, significantly changing panorama of the city. The silhouettes of streets become expressive, the plastic arts of facades are enriched in architecture of government and public building. They form a new urban environment. The history of the city and its modern look are inseparable. In modern Vinnytsia is easy to see the outlines of the past. The cultural heritage of the late XIX early XX centuries defines the architectural appearance of the historical environment of the city. Saved historic buildings, unique architectural image of the city can be called today Vinnytsia “the pearl of Podillia”.