Моделі обґрунтування ефективності ухвалення господарських рішень машинобудівних підприємств

Abstract

У статті узагальнено теоретичні та методологічні основи обґрунтування господарських рішень. Концептуальні засади формування господарських рішень у статті передбачають виокремлення циклів господарювання суб’єктів. Автори розробили та розрахували економіко-математичні моделі оптимізації господарських рішень за даними господарської діяльності підприємств Львівщини, зокрема ПАТ «Алмаз- інструмент».The mechanism of diagnosing the economic decisions making of business entities is developed and justified. Based on research of theoretical provisions, authors proved economic decision making is determining condition of economic activity and require delement of the process of realizing the physical impact on resources through the transformation of which such activityis carried out. Economic decisions are made directly by business entity that carries out the activity, independently conducts economic operations, enters into contractual, property and financial relations on its own behalf. The authors affirm that significant differences in the choice of criterion for justifying and evaluating activity of business entities are observed when choosing different time periods of analysis. On the basis of generalization of theoretical positions, authors distinguish by the period of coverage different time processes that relate to different cycles of activity of business entities: investment, production and the financial support cycle. The content and parameters of such cycles are conditioned by specifics of the production process, organizational and law and sectoral peculiarities of the activity of business entities and the range of tasks that are solved in the process of economic decisions making. With considering above assumptions, an economic and mathematical model is developed for tactical planning and justification of the sphere and directions of the economic formation activity to optimize return of available resources. The implementation of operations of the financial support cycle of economic formation, as authors claim, aims to cover current needs in financial resources for uninterrupted flow of production and sales of goods, services. The structure and total amount of mobilization of financial resources of economic formation is a determining criterion in conducting operations of production and investment activitу cycles. The level of resource provision and optimization of the cost of their mobilization through the use of various alternative market sources arestarting elements in the adoption and implementation of economic decisions. The efficiency of justification for the adoption and implementation of economic decisions of investment cycle is ensuredby a comprehensive and objective justification of it, including the use of proposed toolkit. The proposed approach to justification of economic decisions of the investment cycle allows the business entity to specify tasks and criteria for their solution throughevaluation and formation of an optimal structure of invested capital. The methodical and scientific-applied developments of the authors have been approved in the activities of machinebuilding enterprises, in particular, LLC «Electronpobutprylad- Plant», PJSC «Lviv Locomotive Repair Plant», RPE LLC «Elektroprylad». The using of research results by economic entities in machinebuilding will improve the quality of management and using of economic potential, the cost of capital.