Проектування і спорудження малоповерхового житла наприкінці 1950-их років у Львові

Abstract

В 1957–1960 роках у Львові, почалося масове спорудження малоповерхових житлових будинків для робітників, львівські архітектори опрацювали на конкурсних засадах низку індивідуальних проектів. Взявши їх за основу, добилися дозволу Держбуду УРСР на їхнє проектування у Львівському філіалі Діпроміста, де розробили уніфіковану серію проектів типових одно-двоповерхових будинків. У дослідженнях Дідика В. та Моркляник О. (2003–2018) висвітлено передумови проектування та будівництва житла, його планувальні та стилістичні вирішення, а також їхні архітектурно-просторові трансформації сьогодні. У статті пропонується за доцільне ті фрагменти малоповерхової забудови та окремі будинки, які ще зберегли архітектурну виразність та функціональну естетику, зберегти як пам’ятки містобудівного мистецтва, архітектури та культури.In 1957–1960, the mass construction of one-story attics and two-story buildings began to solve the problem of providing housing for workers of newly established enterprises. Lviv architects on a competitive basis designed a number of projects, on the basis of which the State Construction Committee of the UkrSSR proposed to the Lviv branch of Dipromist on their basis to develop a unified series of projects of typical one-and two-storey buildings. 136 hectares of land were allocated for housing construction, on which, according to the city master plan, low-rise buildings are planned. It was planned to build houses and separate groups on undeveloped sites in the old residential areas where there were already utilities. New housing construction with a high level of engineering equipment contributes to the improvement of working areas. In residential areas, the construction of schools, children's institutions, cinemas, clinics, shops, consumer services is planned. – Levandivka is transformed into a landscaped village. The quarters are planned according to the manor type. The area of XXthe plot is 0.06–0.08 hectares per one-apartment house, ie – 0.3–0.04 ha per apartment. It should be noted that the architects of Lviv in their functional-spatial and architectural-planning solutions used the experience of low-rise construction of the period of functionalism of Lviv in the 1930s. Today, many enterprises, near which low-rise buildings were built, have ceased to exist, and multi-storey residential and public buildings are being built on their territory. Part of the low-rise buildings of that period have also been lost, and part is in the process of transformation. Didyk V. and Morklyanyk O. (2003–2018) studies the socio-political preconditions of housing design and construction, localization of construction in the spatial structure of Lviv, analysis of architectural-planning and stylistic solutions of housing and its architectural-spatial transformation. The article analyzes the individual and typical projects of low-rise buildings and notes that despite the simple facades, the houses are architecturally quite expressive. Part of the low-rise buildings of that period has been lost, part is in the stage of transformation and a small part is still preserved almost unchanged. Therefore, those fragments of low-rise buildings and individual houses that still retain architectural expressiveness and functional aesthetics should be preserved as monuments of urban art, architecture and culture.