Архітектурні ідеї Ф. Кізлера в проектуванні сучасних культурно-видовищних та освітніх об’єктів

Abstract

Життєвий та творчий шлях Фрідріха Кізлера є прикладом постійного дослідження світових здобутків у різних галузях науки і культури. Ці пошуки знайшли відображення у його власному творчому методі “гнучкої” архітектури, що базувався на ідеї безмежності простору, який згодом утвердився в напрямі “кореалізм”, основою якого була постійна взаємодія між людьми та природним і технологічним середовищем їхнього існування. Багатофункціональність та мобільність простору є основними вимогами сьогоднішнього дня. Тому ідеї Ф. Кізлера про гнучкий “перетікаючий” простір, з вільним плануванням, що може легко змінюватися, вплинули на творчі методики сучасних архітекторів Пітера Айзенмана, Тома Мейна, Френка Гері та інших. Зараз, коли у світі зростає зацікавлення мистецтвом та архітектурою ХХ ст., збільшується необхідність вивчення творчого доробку знакових персоналій, що зробили неоціненний вклад у світову культурну спадщину розробкою численних експериментів, які ще не отримали повного втілення і чекають свого часу.The life and creative path of Friedrich Kiesler is an example of constant research of world achievements in various fields of science and culture. These searches were reflected in his creative method of “flexible” architecture, based on the idea of the boundlessness of space, which was later established in the direction of “corealism”. It was based on constant interaction between people and their natural and technological environment. Several domestic and foreign publications are devoted to the study of Friedrich Kiesler's work. In particular, the works of representatives of the Lviv architectural school deserve special attention. For example, V. Proskuryakov (Проскуряков. 2017. C. 66–71) Yu. Bogdanova (Богданова. 2017, с. 72–78), B. Goy (Гой. 2017, с. 79–84), K. Yanchuk (Янчук. 2019, с. 109–113) and others who thoroughly study the influence of the master's work on various spheres of modern architectural creativity. Among foreign authors, it is worth highlighting the works of M. Ragon (Рагон. 1969, с. 103–107), who became one of the first researchers of modern architecture, who disclosed the name of Kiesler and S. Phillips (Phillips, 2017) to the general public. The author offers an indepth study of Kiesler's innovative scientific and design practices, which has created a new career trajectory for architects not as master builders, but as researchers whose innovative tools and methods can contribute to the development of alternative architecture. Friedrich Kiesler was born in 1890, at the turn of the millennium, during the rapid development of technology, the transformation of the established world order. It seems like this extremely talented and active person participated in all significant phenomena in the culture, art, science and technology of that time. Friedrich Kiesler is not only an outstanding architect, he is also known as an artist, set designer, sculptor, visionary and philosopher. This versatility reflected in his creative method of “flexible”, “elastic” architecture, based on the idea of infinity and continuity of space. Subsequently, this method was established in the direction of “corealism”, which was based on the constant interaction between man and the natural and technological environment of his existence. Kiesler's ideas and creative method, which are ahead of their time, are becoming more relevant and find their echo in the works of modern architects, and also require comprehensive consideration and research. His surreal ideas contrasted with the static, monotonous rectangular boxes offered by modernist architects, a dynamic concept that took space and time into account. Kiesler dreamed of an architecture that would expand and shrink to perform various residential functions. The concept of “Infinity” has become his signature style, the leitmotif of his entire career since Infinity Theater in the 1920s to his projects “Infinite House” and" Universal theatre" in the 1960s. Versatility and mobility of space are the main requirements today. So, F. Kiesler's ideas about flexible “flowing” space, with a free layout that can easily change, influenced the creative methods of modern architects Peter Eisenman, Tom Main, Frank Gehry and others. Nowadays, when there is a growing interest in the art and architecture of the twentieth century in the world, there is an increasing need to study the creative heritage of iconic personalities who have made an invaluable contribution to the world's cultural heritage by developing numerous experiments that have not yet been fully implemented and are waiting in the wings.