Смарт-логістика: концептуальні засади та практика реалізації

Abstract

Досліджено проблематику теоретико-методологічних засад формування смарт- логістичної концепції управління на підприємствах. На підставі статистичного аналізу показників росту цифрової економіки та використання сучасних інформаційно- комунікаційних технологій по різних напрямах економічної діяльності України, обґрунтовано гіпотезу щодо використання смарт-підходу в логістиці з метою мінімізації витрат і функціонування “точних” ланцюгів постачання.

The article deals with the problems of theoretical and methodological principles formation of smart logistic management concept at enterprises. The statistical analysis of the indicators` growth of the digital economy of Ukraine and the use of modern information and communication technologies in various areas of economic activity have been carried out, on the basis of which the hypothesis is based on the use of smart approach in logistics in order to minimize costs and operate the “exact” supply chains. The role of the state policy of Ukraine on the development of the digital economy, aimed the creation of market mechanisms of motivation demand in the market of digital technologies and products, is underlined, resulting in expected growth of production volumes and profits from the sale of high-tech products. Particular importance is acquired by smart technology. It has been established that the introduction of information and communication technologies transforms economic processes into a more precise link of tasks (technologies work in accordance with well-laid logic and mathematical algorithms). In this case, the orientation of logistics is aimed at the development of virtual supply chains, formed on the basis of precise measurement and access rules to control points from anywhere. It was investigated that in the period 2016 – 2017 in Ukraine there was an increase in the number of users of computer equipment both in groups of employees, and in enterprises. The most demanded means of informatization are in the construction industry of economy, processing industry and trade. The growth of demand for information and communication technologies by users of cloud computing services and analysis of “big data” (the latter is being built on the introduction into the operational processes of technical smart means) is noted. Smart approaches to management, marketing and logistics arise as a result of digitization of the economy and determine the priority directions of development and the practical use of innovations. The peculiarity of using a smart approach in logistics management is due to the influence of innovative solutions using cloud computing and technology of analysis of “big data”. The proposed definition of smart logistics, as logistics, whose operation is based on a smart approach in managing optimal resource flows using modern information and communication technologies. The key provisions of the concept of smart logistics management at enterprises are defined: the functioning of the logistics system in a single virtual space; adaptation of logistic functions in the virtual space by using smart technologies; orientation of activity on the basis of smart approach in management; compliance with the criteria of efficiency and effectiveness; measurement and controlling using business analytical systems; achieving cost optimization through “accurate” supply chains. A number of examples of successful implementation of technical innovative solutions in smart logistics are given. The necessity of introducing the concept of smart logistics for the agrarian sector from the point of view of logistic risk management and minimization is grounded, which is the basis for the development of “precise agriculture”, using the rules of clear measurement of the parameters of needs and use of resources, elements of the adoption and implementation of integrated management decisions.