Аналіз логістичних процесів: економічний аспект

Abstract

Глобалізація бізнес – процесів, пошук альтернативних існуючим концепціям конкурентних стратегій та змінне зовнішнє та внутрішнє середовище спонукають сучасних управлінців вивчати та застосовувати інструменти маркетингово-логіс- тичного управління. Так як, логістична діяльність підприємства виконується шляхом реалізації завдань, що у свою чергу покликані до координації в напрямі ефективної оптимізації усіх функціональних процесів, то вона розглядається як вагомий чинник підвищення ефективності діяльності підприємства. В статті сформовано основи методологічних положень аналізу логістичних процесів, їх класифікацію, особливості застосування в управлінській діяльності підприємства.The globalization of business processes, the search for alternative competitive strategies to the existing ones and the changing external and internal environment encourage the contemporary managers to study and apply marketing and logistics management tools. Instead, the application of such approaches allows optimizing expenditures and increasing profit marginas a result of efficient management of logistic processes. The main purpose of this article is to consider the methodological essence of economic analysis of logistic processes. In the article, the bases for methodological positions of analysis of logistic processes, their classification and peculiarities of application in managerial activity of the enterprise are formed. First of all, it means the potential growth of total efficiency, which, in turn, is achieved if the following goals are achieved: – decreasing expenditures of logistic processes; – achievement of adequate to consumers’ needs level of service in the framework of existing and accepted customer requirements; – coordination of interests of various functional units of logistics, especially those ones that “extract” funds. First of all, it concerns the reduction the conflicts of goals in the marketing and logistics management of the enterprise. The author suggests to consider the hypothesis that the results of the economic analysis of logistic processes, together with the materials of short-, medium– and long-term forecasting of the prospects for the formation of material flows, developed with the use of methods of expert evaluation, extrapolation and / or analytical modeling, should become the basis for the standardization of logistics expenditures of enterprises. For managers of modern enterprises, it is recommended to use techniques adapted for the needs of such enterprises in order to improve the results of management. The use of innovative directions of enterprise management is aimed at increasing profit margins by achieving maximum results at minimum costs. The solution of this issue through the crosscutting optimization of logistic flows with the preservation of the stability and adaptability of the economic system under conditions of improving the quality of functioning at minimum total expenditures is the essence of the goal of logistics in the management of the enterprise. Taking this into account, for the purpose of grouping logistic expenditures according to their belonging to a certain functional cycle, the use of such features is suggested: compliance with a particular account of the accounting reports; relation to the change in the volume of production (sales) of products; possibility of calculating the specific indicator on a relevant basis; stage of the functional cycle. Therefore, the necessary condition for efficient management of material and information flows at the enterprise is the knowledge of the size, level and place of emergence of logistic expenditures, that will allow making decisions concerning the parameters of material and information flows, the applied technologies of their processing, the forms, methods and ways of organizing the processes of material supply and sales. In general, for the analysis of logistic processes in terms of their efficiency, we recommend taking the unity of these processes within the logistic system and the links created with the external environment and the system as a whole.