Manipulating the brexit issue in the english-written media
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Date
2019-02-26
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Видавництво Львівської політехніки
Abstract
Розглянуто провідні форми висвітлення у британських ЗМІ найгострішої
проблеми Об’єднаного Королівства – виходу країни з Європейського Союзу, процесу,
який отримав назву Brexit (“Британський вихід”). Різнобічність висвітлення Брекзиту
виявляється у формах виваженого журналістського та академічного аналізу причин та
обставин цього суспільно-політичного явища, демостративно заангажованого
однобічного підходу з використанням зневажливо-образливого дискурсу і тону, що
значною мірою характерно для британських таблоїдів, журналістського розслідування
утаємничених засобів втручання у доленосний референдум країни у 2016 р., газетних та
журнальних колонок, спрямованих виключно на Брекзит та закріплених за відомими
огдядачами, блогів, сенсаційно-конспірологічних матеріалів, яким бракує доказової
бази, інтерв’ю, публічних виступів, доповідей на конференціях. До результатів
дослідження належить виокремлення зазначених форм та визначення особливостей і
наявності або відсутності ознак маніпулятивності в окремих публікаціях, вибраних для
аналізу; встановлення культурно та історично маркованої стратифікації друкованих
видань британських ЗМІ; виокремлення вагомого шару антиманіпулятивних
публікацій та внеску окремих журналістів-розслідувачів у справу забезпечення
демократичного суспільного вибору; аналіз серії публікацій в авторських брекзит-колонках
газети Guardian; окреслення формату публікацій окремих видань, зокрема
суттєвої ролі заголовків на першій сторінці друкованих видань (за матеріалами огляду
академічного дискурсу).
The mass media exposure of its readership to the burning problems of nowadays, internationally or a country-confined, has always been questioned for a degree of manipulation involved. For the British people, the Brexit vote and its largely overlooked complications have been the most urgent national problem for which there is no immediate solution in the foreseeable future. The British press coverage of Brexit is a crucial agent in shaping the public and an individual’s stand to the Brexit issues. The research problem being dealt with in this paper is a multitude of journalistic views on Brexit and a scope and effect of counter-manipulative Brexit-related publications in the British press. The purpose of this research is to get a profile of The Guardian political columnists writing on the problems of Brexit as well as to analyse a couple of relevant counter-manipulative publications. We made use of the following methods: data collection methods – observation, survey, textual and content analysis, classification; qualitative and quantitative analysis; theoretical construction method. The results obtained show that the British mass media have been at their best to provide their audiences every possible angle, or nuance, of the formidable Brexit structure. In respect of Brexit vote, there is a cleat watershed between the two formative clusters of the British press. While the ‘prestige press’ (also known under the terms ‘broadsheet’ or ‘quality’ newspapers) – the Independent, Times, Guardian, Financial Times, Mirror and Telegraph – have been following the course of restrainedanalytical approach to tackling Brexit issues without antagonizing Leavers and Remainers, giving both sides their due in their argumentation, daily ‘popular’ and ‘working class’ newspapers in the UK –The Sun, Daily Mail, the Mirror and Express (categorized as tabloids) – systemically reproduce an openly hostile stand to the Remain platform of voters, openly and unrelentingly criticizing the EU as an international institution jeopardizing British sovereignty. It was ascertained that all the versatile techniques aimed at manipulating Brexit in press and other media, social networks included, have been effectively counteracted and exposed in academic research and investigative journalism. Conclusion. In this paper it has been ascertained that the readers of both categories – average readers who are not engaged professionally or otherwise in politics.
The mass media exposure of its readership to the burning problems of nowadays, internationally or a country-confined, has always been questioned for a degree of manipulation involved. For the British people, the Brexit vote and its largely overlooked complications have been the most urgent national problem for which there is no immediate solution in the foreseeable future. The British press coverage of Brexit is a crucial agent in shaping the public and an individual’s stand to the Brexit issues. The research problem being dealt with in this paper is a multitude of journalistic views on Brexit and a scope and effect of counter-manipulative Brexit-related publications in the British press. The purpose of this research is to get a profile of The Guardian political columnists writing on the problems of Brexit as well as to analyse a couple of relevant counter-manipulative publications. We made use of the following methods: data collection methods – observation, survey, textual and content analysis, classification; qualitative and quantitative analysis; theoretical construction method. The results obtained show that the British mass media have been at their best to provide their audiences every possible angle, or nuance, of the formidable Brexit structure. In respect of Brexit vote, there is a cleat watershed between the two formative clusters of the British press. While the ‘prestige press’ (also known under the terms ‘broadsheet’ or ‘quality’ newspapers) – the Independent, Times, Guardian, Financial Times, Mirror and Telegraph – have been following the course of restrainedanalytical approach to tackling Brexit issues without antagonizing Leavers and Remainers, giving both sides their due in their argumentation, daily ‘popular’ and ‘working class’ newspapers in the UK –The Sun, Daily Mail, the Mirror and Express (categorized as tabloids) – systemically reproduce an openly hostile stand to the Remain platform of voters, openly and unrelentingly criticizing the EU as an international institution jeopardizing British sovereignty. It was ascertained that all the versatile techniques aimed at manipulating Brexit in press and other media, social networks included, have been effectively counteracted and exposed in academic research and investigative journalism. Conclusion. In this paper it has been ascertained that the readers of both categories – average readers who are not engaged professionally or otherwise in politics.
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Keywords
медіа, маніпуляція, Брекзит, media, manipulating, the Brexit
Citation
Sushko S. Manipulating the brexit issue in the english-written media / Serhii Sushko // Вісник Національного університету “Львівська політехніка”. Серія: Журналістські науки. — Львів : Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2019. — № 3. — С. 99–109.