Роль електронного обміну даними у розвитку міжнародної логістики: глобальні тренди

Abstract

Розглянуто сучасні тенденції розвитку міжнародної логістики. Виокремлено роль новітніх інформаційних технологій у формуванні EDI-технологій, що полягають в електронному обміні даними і забезпечують у результаті економію ресурсів підприємства. Проаналізовано вплив глобальних трендів у логістиці на специфіку українського бізнесу. Обґрунтовано доцільність вивчення досвіду провідних міжнародних логістичних операторів з метою впровадження та подальшої адаптації для зміцнення потенціалу конкурентоздатності у мінливих економічних умовах.The purpose of this publication is to determine the role of new information technologies in shaping EDI-technologies that are electronically exchange data and ultimately provide savings of enterprise resources. It is discussed, that Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is the computer-to-computer exchange of business documents in a standard electronic format between business partners. By moving from a paper-based exchange of business document to one that is electronic, businesses enjoy major benefits such as reduced cost, increased processing speed, reduced errors and improved relationships with business partners. EDI replaces postal mail, fax and email. While email is also an electronic approach, the documents exchanged via email must still be handled by people rather than computers. Having people involved slows down the processing of the documents and also introduces errors. Instead, EDI documents can flow straight through to the appropriate application on the receiver’s computer (e.g., the Order Management System) and processing can begin immediately. In today’s global and connected economy, digital supply chains are the on-ramp to innovation and success. And if an enterprise wants to be among the winners, it need to get on the highway and go fast. Developing digital strategies that allow to proactively evolve ahead of the competition, employing comprehensive solutions that support the entire source-to-settle process and create value for all parties involved in it are necessary today. The article also examines the current trends in international logistics. Macro-economic changes and shifts in trade patterns have their impact on global supply chains. They provide opportunities as well as challenges. Growth in the logistics industry is no longer driven by exports from Asia to North America and from Asia to Europe. It will come from elsewhere, and will be more fragmented, more unpredictable and more volatile.. Infrastructure is Lviv Polytechnic becoming a major determinant for growth. Meeting consumer’s requirements at multiple locations with multiple transport modes at different times requires a flexible supply chain that can adapt easily to unexpected changes and circumstances. International, mature and emerging markets have become a part of the overall business growth strategy for many companies. Going ‘international’ has become the standard and logistic solution providers need to enable that trend. End-consumers increasingly source via multiple channels, ranging from brick & mortar shops to e-commerce. The logistics industry needs to support multi-channel strategies of their customers. The growing complexity and dynamism of supply chains requires increasingly advanced Information Technology solutions. To be able to secure speed to market and to reduce risk of delays, alternative transport modes and routes are required to support the continuing trend of outsourcing of logistics services. Customers increasingly prefer products that are made and sourced in ‘the right way’; minimising business’ social, economic and environmental impact on society and enhancing positive effects. Anti-bribery and corruption legislation is having an increasing impact on supply chains, since multinational companies demand that no facilitation payments are made during the export of their goods, yet still seek to source from low cost countries, which are often also at the bottom of Transparency International’s global corruption index. Manufacturers continuously search for supply chain innovations and gains through partnerships with logistic service providers. Complete visibility of the entire supply chain aspires to achieve true demand-driven planning, allowing efficient response to changes in sourcing, supply, capacity and demand. Supply chains are becoming increasingly complex and dynamic with sourcing locations being changed increasingly quickly and purchase orders becoming smaller and more frequent. The influence of global trends in logistics on the specifics of Ukrainian business is considered. Expediency tracking experience leading international logistics operators to implement and further strengthen the capacity to adapt to changing competitive economic environment is researched. The article deals with the specific logistics information system in Ukraine. The necessity to focus on international business standards in logistics is grounded. The results monitoring of global trends and implementation of EDI-technologies to increase the potential competitiveness of enterprises in market conditions that are influenced by globalization are discovered.