Наукові підходи до розуміння сутності поняття «політичний інститут»

Abstract

Досліджено сутність поняття «політичний інститут», його оцінку з позицій наукових концепцій «старого інституціоналізму» та неоінституціоналізму. З’ясовано напрями неоінституціоналізму, визначено зміст термінологічного словосполучення «політична інституціоналізація». In this article it has been investigated the concept of «political institution», its assessment from the scientific concepts of «old institutionalism» and neoinstytutsionalizm points of view. It has been used the following research methods: comparative and analytical methods, structural and system analysis. It has been established that, the most common interpretation of the term «institution» in the science is that one of an established norms in society or organization or institution. Among all the social spheres, institutional approach in politics is the most clearly manifested. It was found that representatives of the so-called «old institutionalism» paid their attention to the main institutions – the state, political parties, social and political organizations and branches of government, bureaucracy, etc. phenomenon. It has been identified the following branches of modern neoinstytutsionalizm: historical institutionalism, rational choice institutionalism, sociological (social) institutionalism, normative institutionalism, empirical institutionalism, international (international) institutionalism, and also it has been set its theorists – J. March, J. Olsen, D. North, G . Peters, R. Putnam, C. Shepsli, D. Knight, A. Leypharta. It has been established that for unifying all directions of neoinstytutsionalizm there exist the view on political institutions as fundamental factors of political life, the central component of the political system, the main factors of social transformations that have their own special interests, decisive impact on individual behavior, forming the interests of different social groups. It has been studied social functions of political institutions: to ensure continuity of social life, to control and maintain the order, to regulate the social processes, relationships between individuals, social integration and political socialization of individuals. The content of terminological phrases – political institutionalization.