Держава та армія. – 2014. – №784

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://ena.lpnu.ua/handle/ntb/24509

Вісник Національного університету "Львівська політехніка"

Тематичний випуск “Держава та армія” фахового Вісника Національного університету “Львівська політехніка” виданий з ініціативи Інституту гуманітарних та соціальних наук Львівської політехніки. У цьому випуску Вісника публікуються наукові статті, в яких основну увагу приділено проблемі історії України та її державності і національним Збройним cилам. Виходить у двадцять другий раз. Цей випуск також містить матеріали Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції “Проблеми музеєфікації, реконструкції та експонування пам’яток ранньосередньовічної доби”, що відбулась на базі Культурно-археологічного центру с. Пересопниця на Рівненщині 1–2 червня 2013 р. Розрахований на науковців, викладачів гуманітарних дисциплін, студентів, усіх тих, хто цікавиться проблемами військової історії України.

Вісник Національного університету «Львівська політехніка» : [збірник наукових праць] / Міністерство освіти і науки України, Національний університет «Львівська політехніка». – Львів : Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014. – № 784 : Держава та армія / відповідальний редактор С. В. Терський. – 288 с.

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Аграрне питання в програмних документах і діяльності УНДО
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014) Виздрик, В. С.
Розглянуто діяльність політики УНДО в аграрній сфері. Проаналізовано діяльність партії у пропаганді ідей господарської самостійності та згуртованості українського селянства в протистоянні асиміляційній політиці Польської держави парламентським шляхом. Consider activity of the UNDO policy in agriculture. The parliamentary activity of the UNDA played an important role in promoting the ideas of economic independence and unity of the Ukrainian peasants in opposition to the policy of Ukrainians assimilation. The article deals with the activities of the Ukrainian National Democratic Association (UNDA) in agricultural policy. In the interwar period, highly sophisticated national and socioeconomic relations have developed in Western Ukraine and they were accompanied by constant political struggle of the population with the Polish authorities. Against this general background of sharp contradictions in the conditions of colonial rule, the Ukrainian political parties were forced to develop their own policy in the agrarian question, and fight for their implementation. In the political spectrum in Western Ukraine the UNDA has played a significant role, as for the size and impact on the Ukrainian people. It became a leading Western party in the second part of the 20’s and 30’s of the twentieth century, and the Association represented Ukraine in the international arena. The experience of the UNDA is very important in the context of modern state-building process in Ukraine, as the forms and methods of the parliamentary activity that were promoted by the National Democrats are still actual. Being on the legal situation the Association expressed the national interests of the Ukrainian people and defended their right to self-organized life. The party initiated the consolidation of the national forces and made decisive impact on the socio-political, cultural, educational and economic life of the region. The experience of the National Democrats in the Sejm and Senate of Poland proved that it was impossible at that time to solve the agrarian problem in Western Ukraine by the parliament. The failure of understanding between the National Democrats and the Polish government has caused the frustration among the Ukrainian public in legitimate – parliamentary methods of struggle. It was the push to the decline of all Ukrainian legal parties regardless of their relationship to the policy of “normalization”. However, the parliamentary activity of the UNDA played an important role in promoting the ideas of economic independence and unity of the Ukrainian peasants in opposition to the policy of Ukrainians assimilation, and it preserved the traditions of multiparty democracy in the our society.
Антибританська політична карикатура у Німеччині як засіб пропаганди у період Першої світової війни
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014) Питльована, Л. Ю.
Проаналізовано антибританську політичну карикатуру у Німеччині як засіб пропаганди у період Першої світової війни. Досліджено особливості політичної карикатури як історичного джерела: система організації пропаганди у кайзерівській Німеччині. Розглядаються образи, сюжети та персонажі карикатур, їх семантичне значення. Аналізується вплив антибританської карикатури на формування негативних стереотипів у німецькому суспільстві. The article is devoted to analyzing of anti-British political cartoons in Germany as propaganda methods during World War I. The features of political cartoons as a historical source; the system of propaganda in Imperial Germany are investigated. The images, the plots and the cartoons characters, their semantic meaning are considered. Influence of anti-British cartoons on formation of negative stereotypes in German society is analyzed.
Археологічне обстеження городища XIV ст. в с. Біла біля м. Чорткова Тернопільської області
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014) Добрянський, В. К.
Статтю присвячено археологічному обстеженню городища XIV ст. в с. Біла Чортківського району Тернопільської області, що має ознаки пізньосередньовічного замку. Archaeological survey settlement XIV century in village Bila near the Chertkov city of Ternopil region. This article is about the archaeological survey settlement XIV. With. White Chortkiv district, Ternopil region, which has features of late Middle-Ages the castle.
Видатний архітектор Іван Могитич і сокілецька церква XII–XIII століть
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014) Захар’єв, В.
Йдеться про один з епізодів діяльності Народного архітектора України І. Могитича, а саме: перший етап робіт над реконструкцією давньоруської дерев’яної церкви ХІІ–ХІІІ ст., який виявив автор 1994 р. в урочищі Батарея поблизу с. Сокілець Дунаєвецького району Хмельницької області. The article refers to an episode of activity of the People’s architect I.Mohytycha Ukraine, namely: the first stage of works on the reconstruction of Old Russian wooden church in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries., Which was found by the author in 1994 in the tract near Battery s. Sokilets Dunayevets’kyi Khmelnitsky region region.
Військово-політичні аспекти передісторії Галицького князівства
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014) Омельчук, Б. А.
Із залученням письмових та археологічних джерел проаналізовано боротьбу київських князів за утвердження своєї влади на Прикарпатті до кінця XI ст. Зроблено спробу переглянути існуючі погляди на етапи утвердження великокнязівської влади на цій території. Розглянуто особливості територіального розвитку Прикарпаття та Подністров’я у другій половині X–XI ст. The article involving written and archaeological sources the Kievan princes fight to uphold its authority in the Carpathian region by the end of XI century. An attempt to revise the existing views on the steps of the Grand approval authorities in the area. The features of territorial development Carpathians and the Dniester in the second half of the X-XI centuries. Analyzed tibal dukes activity as war-lords and military organizers against Great Kievan Princes. The appearance of the tribal union of the ancient Slavs in the Carpathian region who took afterwards the name of Croats, could be dated back to the last quarter of the 8th – middle of the 9th cc. The Upper Dniester region together with the nearby territories between the Dniester and the Pruth are considered to be the primary territory the ancient Slavic tribal formation appeared at. Afterwards it gradually extended and covered both sides of the Carpathians. For example the Croats inhabited the upper current of the Tyssa river behind the Carpathians.
Джерельна база історії професійних спілок Східної Галичини до початку та в роки Першої світової війни
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014) Берест, І. Р.
Проаналізовано стан розвитку джерельної бази історії профспілок та профспілкового руху та в роки Першої світової війни, вказано на нові, досі не відому документи з цієї тематики, окреслно перспективи наукового дослідження. Research topic of the trade union movement in Eastern Galicia before and during the First World War biennium is very interesting and the aim of this study is the demonstration of sources, which then form the basis of a monumental work. The main group of sources are materials that are encountered in the formation and activities of trade unions (trade union policy documents, representations of strike committees, leaders of trade union organizations). The peculiarity of these sources is that they reflect the spirit of the age and diversity of current, especially for workers and trade unions issues. The importance of a multifaceted study of the history of the trade union movement in Ukraine is connected, first, with a relatively narrow range of processed sources. Secondly, the theme of the trade union movement is a versatile and multi-faceted and many of its aspects require deeper and more thorough study. Thirdly, studied topic provides rich material for scientific study of other key issues of history of Eastern Galicia, including: management in the province, economic and social development, the rise of Ukrainian national movement and so on. Fourth, in terms of building democratic institutions of independent Ukrainian state analysis and accumulation of historical experience in the area of development of trade-union movement have both especially scientific and the practical value applied. The basis of the study was a source base set of published documents and records (including electronic media) that reflect the historical background and direct processes for the origin, formation and development of the trade union movement in Eastern Galicia before and during the First World War. To understand the problem, first of all, we should distinguish the sources that have arisen in the formation and activities of trade union organizations - policy documents unions, their correspondence and information analysis, representations of strike committees, leaders of trade union organizations. An important group of historical sources are published laws and other national and regional regulations that define the legal framework of society, the functioning of trade unions and their socio-political and socio-economic priorities. Important role also belongs to the electoral law, including its evolution from the class and two-stage electoral system – to the common electoral law. In the separate group of sources it is possible to select the of that time press, primarily working and trade-union, the publication of which is significantly more active at the end of 60th – at the beginning of 70th of the XIX century. At the turn of the ХІХ – ХХ centuries, in connection with radicalization of social life, appears specialized press. If earlier the prob lems of western Ukrainian workers lighted up next to questions importance questions for farmers (mainly) middle class and other segments of the population of that time, the emergence of such publications, like “Pratcia” or “Robitnykh” showed the increasing influence of the workers in the social and political processes. Separate groups of sources are more or less informative saturated, but together they provide the necessary factual basis for a holistic, objective study of the genesis of the trade union movement in Eastern Galicia in the ХІХ - early ХХ centuries. In general, the study of the history of the trade union movement in Eastern Galicia before and during the First World War biennium is extremely important and necessary in terms of studying the history of trade unions in the Ukrainian lands, which are not always adequately and properly covered and, in fact, is still largely unknown. In this context particular importance is the study of assumptions, features and processes that affect the origin, formation and development of the trade union movement in estern Ukraine during the Austrian government.
До проблеми трактування національно-визвольного опору українців в роки Другої світової війни
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014) Конюхов, С. В.
Проаналізовано відомі праці сучасних істориків та розглянуто позиції авторів щодо опору українців окупаційним режимам у роки Другої світової війни. Відзначені основні проблеми, що впливали на трактування національно-визвольного опору українців у роки Другої світової війни. Окреслено напрямки національно-визвольного опору. The suggested scientific survey proves that even today among scholars and historians there is certain disagreement in evaluating Ukrainian resistance to the occupation regime during the Second World War. This conclusion is based on the analyzed works by modern historians. In Soviet times, historians actively covering events of war drew attention to the tactics and strategy, to the heroism of the people who survived the war, to the crimes of German occupants (nazis). The historiography of the period of the soviet times is full of studies of the role and experience of the communist party in the struggle for the victory over the enemy. The participation of OUN and UPA in the operations is not meant in this literature at all. At the same time, the Soviet Army’s errors were ignored, the repressive and punitive system of Soviet authorities was not taken into consideration, the participation in Second World War of UPA and OUN in the Second World War was considered only in negative terms. Among the important peculiarities of the current historiography there is promotion and democratization of researching the events of the Second World War, diversification and expansion of their subjects. Thorough disclosure of the causes and peculiarities of resistance of Ukrainians to the occupation regime is one of the main directions of modern historical research. In modern historiography, this problem is of great importance. The works of K. Kondratyuk, O. Sukhyi, V. Stetskevych, I. Patyrlyak, V. Vyatrovych, W. Kosyk, W. Shaykan, M. Lytvyn, M. Koval and other historians formed historiographical tradition of researching this important and relevant scientific and political problem. The researchers have put in scientific use a considerable amount of little-known and unknown documents from national and foreign archives.. Some scientists exploring areas of national liberation resistance in the years of 1939-1945 are focusing on the fight of UPA against the Soviet totalitarian regime. Other researchers are focused on Ukrainian-Polish confrontation, the third ones are observing the opposition to the German occupation regime. In all the analyzed works the opinion is stated that the Ukrainian nationalist resistance during the Second World War was very powerful. Its task of it was to defend the interests of its nation. It is encouraging that in the analyzed Polish history works the facts are presented objectively and unbiased. The authors try to present a clear and accessible the material on the events of the past in a clear and accessible way, and in this context they offer the information about the Ukrainian nationalist resistance during the Second World War.
Довготривала фортифікація на теренах України: ретроспекція
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014) Коваль, М. В.
Досліджено проблеми розвитку довготривалої фортифікації на теренах України в контексті історії світової фортифікації. The article concerns the problem of development of long-term fortification within the territory of Ukraine in the context of history of world fortification. The author defines the notion of fortification constructions as artificial construction built in order to be protected from enemies. Besides the author stresses upon the historical aspect of fortification constructions and it has been pointed that people started building the fortification constructions at the definite stage of their development – in the period of transferring to camp and class society. From that time the phenomenon of war became a permanent companion of human communities and open settlements of primitive era gradually turned into fortified settlements of tribal communities – ancient sites. In Ukraine such fortification construction appeared in the ІV–ІІІth millennia B.C. They were enomous fortified settlements reaching 300 – 400 ha. Later forms of long-term fortification gradually changed that depended on the development of offensive armament – first of all artillery. Generally in the history four periods are distinguished. They are the following: From ancient times to appearance of firearms (to the middle of XIVth century); From XIVth century to implementation of rifled artillery (to the middle of XIXth century); For the middle of XIXth century to 1885, invention of high-explosive bomb; From the period of high-explosive bomb until today. According to these periods of history of world fortification the author draws attention towards constructions of long-term fortification built on the territory of Ukraine: in the times of Trypillian culture and following archeological cultures; Scythian settlements; watch and defence system on south frontiers of Kyiv Rus; castles of the Polish Kingdom; defence sector, outpost, fortresses of the Russian empire; fortified lines and fortified sections of the Soviet period etc. The Slavic people followed the traditions of their predecessors and they organized defence and protection by means of ramparts that were aimed at performing of functions of watchtowers. Besides the settlements were fortified. The examples of these fortified settlements can be seen on the territory of Ukraine. Currently they are estimated to 1500 places. The size of fortification depended on the size of the settlements: small villages had one rampart and some ditches, but town were protected with fortification from two or three ramparts. The Galicia-Volyn principality developed new type of fortification for ptotection of the country’s borders: towns-fortresses. The Prince Danylo Halytskyi built more than 70 fortresses that frightened The Mongolian and Tatar troops. Later separate outposts were built. The system was effective for protection from unexpected invasions. The further development of fortification constructions concerned pentagonal building – bastion. The number of bastions increased and they comprised fortification line. The fortification line approach was rather efficient and it ensured safety for the inhabitants of the country. But the development of weapon resulted in necessity of improvement of fortification construction as well. The demolition bomb could destroy any bastion and new type of fortification appeared – fortified groups. They concerned long-term stronghold and they ensured reliable protection from new weapons. The Ukrainians military engineers followed German constructors and organized they fortification system by the example of Feste or Panzergruppen fortified groups. The period between two world wars was very productive for fortification construction. Military engineers developed many approaches to fortification systems. In Ukraine scientists distinguish three stages of building fortification construction in this period. At the first stage (1929–1936) principal fortification constructions were built: Kyiv, Korosten, Letychiv, Novohrad-Volynskyi, Mohyliv-Yampil, Pybnytskyi, and Typaspol fortififed areas. At the second stage (1938–1939) Ostropil, Didovichi, Shepetivka-Starokostiantyniv, Proskuriv and Kamianets-Podilskyi fortification area were built. An the third (1940–1941) one touches upon construction of Kovel, Volodymyr-Volynskyi, Strimulovskyi, Rava-Ruska, Peremyshl and Chernivtsi fortification area. In conclusion, the author asserts that the problem of fortification preparation has been existing during the whole history of human civilization. Ukraine was not an exception, moreover, long-term fortification was a permanent companion of people’s life because of geopolitical reasons.
Досвід формування правової культури військовослужбовців Збройних сил України
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014) Романовський, Я. Я.
Досліджено роль і місце правової культури в системі правової освіти військовослужбовця. Визначено, що важливою проблемою сьогодення є питання формування правової культури військовослужбовця. Зазначено, що правова культура військовослужбовця неможлива без його високої правосвідомості та моральності. З’ясовано, що правовий статус військовослужбовця характеризується такими ознаками: як державна особа, він наділений відповідними повноваженнями і здійснює державні функції; можливістю мати особливі, владні, організаційно-розпорядчі повноваження; наявністю суб’єктивних прав та юридичних обов’язків, пов’язаних зі здійсненням службових функцій; наявністю статусу особливого суб’єкта кримінальної, адміністративної та матеріальної відповідальності. The experience of the development a legal culture of military in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The theme and content of the study are caused by the need of identifying ways of improving legal training in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The article deals with the questions of formation a legal culture in the country. The major now – a - day problem is the issue of the formation a legal culture of a serviceman. It has its own characteristics and differs from the legal culture of others not only by the elements of the structure but also by the content. It is characterized by a complete legal knowledge and the ability to apply them in practice. Therefore, the legal culture of military personnel must be higher than in other people. It is noted that the legal culture of a soldier is impossible without his high sense of justice and morality. It has been researched that the legal status of the military personnel has the following features: as a public entity, he is endowed with adequate powers and performs public functions, the ability to have a special organizational and administrative powers, the presence of subjective rights and legal obligations associated with the implementation of the official functions, the availability status of a special subject of criminal, administrative and financial responsibility. Analysis of guidance documents indicates about the existence in the army powerful capabilities of formation of legal culture. These include appropriate management institutes and methodical support: – Humanitarian Policy Department of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine; – Department of Humanitarian Affairs and Social Protection of Ukraine’s Armed Forces General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine; – The Legal Department of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine; – Office of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The troops (forces) identified the main means for shaping the legal culture of the military – legal training, which has a clear organization. However, today it is evident that the formation of a strong system of legal culture military fails.
Духовні скарби рідної землі
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014) Терський, С. В.; Підкович, А. Я.
Діяльність Т. Окуневського у Державній раді під час другої та третьої каденцій (1907–1912 рр.)
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014) Мельник, В. М.
На основі широкої джерельної бази у статті розглядається діяльність Теофіла Окуневського як депутата Державної ради, розвиток українського парламентаризму у Відні та участь Т. Окуневського в ньому. This dissertation is a complex research of histor ical, ideological, and so cio-political processes and phenomena, which directly influenced the format ion of political beliefs of dr. T. Okunevskyi. On the basis of analysis of archive, published so urces and specialized litera ture the author tries to clarify the historical circumstances of T. Okunevskyi’s worldview formation, to characterize his role in Ukrainian parliamentarism development. He was also a member and founder of Russian and Ukrainian Radical Party and organizer of radical movement on Pokuttia territory. The research defines the meaning of T. Okunevskyi’s activity for Ukrainian organizations development (societies such as “Prosvita” (“Enlightenment”), “Mishchanska Rodyna” (“Bourgeois Family”), “Besida” (“Conversation”), “Tovarystvo Kredytove” (“Crediting Society”), “Narodna Torhovlia” (“People’s Trade”), “Narodna Spilka” (“Public Society), and for Ukrainian Radical Party in Lviv, Horodenka, and Kolomyia. T. Okunevskyi started his social activity in Kolomyia, while studying at high school. He shaped his national beliefs very soon, while formation of his worldview, viewpoints and beliefs in socio-political and nationally-cultural spheres was even longer. T. Okunevskyi’s turning into radical in 80s of XIX cent. was inspired by studying at Vienna University and his membership at Sich students society. It is here that his teachers and colleagues fostered real national spirit and patriotic views. T. Okunevskyi’s character was highly influenced by his striving for cognition of everything new, unusual and interesting and this is how decisive the radical views were. During popular assembly in Kolomyia, T. Okunevskyi delivers successful speech in front of his electors and this speech was the beginning of his political career. This is in Kolomyia Region that he was shaped as a politician and organizer of Ukrainian national movement in that region. T. Okunevskyi also showed his political position and attitude towards his compatriots during political agitation before the elections. T. Okunevskyi conducted agitation himself, he personally went from village to village of his election district and spoke about his program. This event characterizes him as a real people’s ambassador. Being a deputy of Halychyna Seim and ambassador to the State Council (Reichsrat) T. Okunevskyi has not changed his political position of protecting the rights of his compatriots. Basic principles, for which he struggled, were as following: fair elections, new election law, studying in Ukrainian, opening of new educational establishments in Eastern Halychyna. The politician did not neglect church, land issues, and roads construction and repair. By his speeches T. Okunevskyi tackled and frequently solved the most pressing problems of Ukrainian society. T. Okunevskyi was representative of Ukrainian national movement at the state level, meaning public and political figure at the level of state. He lived in Vienna, Lviv and Horodenka, he was two times elected as ambassad or to Halychyna Seim and three times to the Reichsrat, held senior roles in the most important Ukrainian societies and Ukrainian Radical Party. Along with this, he was active, dedicated public figure, worked a lot for the welfare of his compatriots, worked in many spheres of social and political life, he left autobiographic memoirs and political speeches. The resluts of his civil activities were known to most of Halychyna people mainly of those districts, where he lived and worked. But on the scale of all Halychyna T. Okunevskyi was known first of all as a politician and only later as a lawyer. However, all his political successes do not diminish his social work. Okunev skyi was one of leading organisers, leaders of Ukrainian national movement in Halychyna, who tried to realize the idea of independent Ukrainian nation building.
Діяльність Української греко-католицької церкви у підпіллі (1946–1989 рр.)
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014) Стасюк, І. М.
Статтю присвячено висвітленню однієї з найтрагічніших сторінок в історії Української греко-католицької церкви – її підпільному функціонуванню у 1946–1989 рр., тобто у часи її офіційного перебування поза законом. Основну увагу у дослідженні звернено на форми і методи діяльності у зазначений історичний період. This article is devoted to one of the most tragic pages in the history of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church - its underground operation in the 1946-1989 biennium, at the time of its official being outlawed. The main attention is paid to the study of form and methods of the specified historical period. The place and role of the church in the life of the Ukrainian people on the eve of its “ selfdestruct “ and highlighted the legal mechanism of destruction. Based on the above facts and statistics illustrated specific actions Greek Catholics in the fight for the legalization of the church: liturgy and administration needs in different places, unauthorized takeover of the churches for applications for registration of believers Greek Catholic communities and clergy disseminate information about the government’s decision a positive decision legitimate operation of the church. Also describes the measures the state in combating the spread of “ opium for the people” and the final destruction of the remnants uniatism. Considerable attention is given in the article personalities – their daily work on the development and strengthening of the underground. Highlighted as an activity of the church leadership, especially Y.Slipoho and ordinary priests. It is emphasized that their work was important for spiritual revival, as it does not contradict the Soviet legislation, including the Constitution of the USSR. The study analyzes the close relationship of the underground Ukrainian Catholic Church of the center – the Vatican, are examples of their close cooperation on religious matters, especially in trying to official legalization of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. In the context of the religious policy of the government highlights the problem of the scale of the underground church in different decades. There is both a negative and a positive effect on the size and number of the faithful of the UGCC policymaking Union- Republican government.
Діяльність української еміграції в країнах Європи у міжвоєнний період ХХ ст.
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014) Плазова, Т. І.
Досліджується та аналізується питання діяльності української еміграції в країнах Європи в міжвоєнний період ХХ ст. Проаналізовано чисельність та соціальний статус української еміграції того періоду. Особливий інтерес становить завершальний етап визвольних змагань та перехід українського війська разом із державними органами в еміграцію за кордон. На сучасному етапі завданням є проаналізувати діяльність українських емігрантів за кордоном, їхні прагнення підтримувати дух національної свідомості, дослідити їхній вплив на подальший розвиток ідеї боротьби за незалежність на теренах України, адже згодом саме ці люди долучилися до активних дій у відстоюванні суверенності України в роки Другої світової війни. This article investigates and analyzes the issue of Ukrainian emigration in Europe in the interwar period of the twentieth century, also – the number and social status of Ukrainian emigration in the period. At the turn of the 20–30s of the twentieth century there were finally decided the main centers of concentration of Ukrainian political emigration in Europe. They became centers of Ukrainian political thought outside Ukraine, and their activities are reminded of the existence of the Ukrainian people. It should be noted that in most European countries in general knew little about Ukraine, did not perceive it as a geopolitical unit and not bother Ukrainian question. Views on Ukrainians as a phenomenon insignificant is consistent with the concept of proimperial measures for the development of colonial territories as those that are incapable of independent statehood. Development of Ukraine as an independent and democratic state is not possible without a comprehensive and detailed study of its history. Of particular interest is attracting the final stage of the struggle for liberation and transition Ukrainian troops together with the authorities to emigrate abroad. It is at present the task to analyze the activity of Ukrainian emigrants abroad, their desire to maintain the spirit of national consciousness and explore their impact on the further development of the idea of the struggle for independence in Ukraine. Great importance and how they passed on to their descendants love Ukraine and the desire to see this great country free from Russia’s power and sovereign. After 1991 the historiography situation radically changed in Ukraine: established the spirit of pluralism in scientific work, changed priorities, methodology and research methods, the researchers had access to previously banned archival materials, some of which have returned from abroad. It is through archival documents can reliably reproduce the events of those times, including being Ukrainian political emigration in the European inter-war period. At the present stage for Ukrainian scientists are challenged to analyze the activity of Ukrainian emigrants abroad, their desire to maintain the spirit of national consciousness and explore their impact on the further development of the idea of the struggle for independence in Ukraine. Of great importance is the fact that how they passed on to their descendants love Ukraine and the desire to see this great country free from Russia’s power and sovereign.
Економіка Галичини після війн 1914–1920 рр.
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014) Савченко, O. O.
Висвітлено аграрне становище Галичини після війн 1914–1920 рр. Проаналізовано господарську діяльність та політичне становище українського населення в період польського осадництва. Показано активну участь кооперації у ліквідації повоєнних наслідків. Cooperation in Western Ukraine had a very big importance in the life of the Ukrainian peasantry, which was mostly tiller. Cooperation as a rescue from economic oppression originated from the late 19th century and was interrupted by the war in 1914. The loss of military actions is supported by figures of that time period. Galicia has lost a lot of seeding areas of land, farm equipment was destroyed. Unstable financial position of Poland, to which belonged then the Eastern Galicia, currency fluctuations, devaluation of its currency, colonial oppression, practically not existing economy led to the catastrophic state of the living standards of Ukrainian peasants. Farmers were forced to rally in the collective production, and this was led by Ukrainian cooperation. Ukrainian banks were established to provide cheap credit to farmers, cooperatives of various types were formed. This created new jobs, gradually Ukrainians life was improved, but the administrative chaos of the Polish government did not give proper development of Ukrainian cooperation.
Зміст до Вісника "Держава та армія" № 784
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014)
Кирило Трильовськй – організатор Січового руху у Галичині (кін. XIX – поч. XX ст.)
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014) Нагірняк, А. Я.
Висвітлено діяльність відомого галицького громадсько-політично діяча Кирила Трильовського, який як представник ліворадикального напряму створив на початку XX ст. в легальних умовах Австро-Угорщини січові організації. The article highlights the work of the famous Galician public figure Cyryl Tryl’ovs’kyi who being a representative of left radical direction in the early twentieth century in legal terms of the Austro-Hungarian created Sich organizations that were the first proto-type of military forces, and later on their basis Ukrainian national connections in the Austrian armed forces were created. It was determined that in addition to officially defined tasks – providing fire security, development of physical training of youth – “Sich “ directed its activities in the extention of education, organization of social life. Within Sich movement many financial institutions and cooperatives appeared. They were considered the economic basis of the national government in the future. The organizational and physical training in the Ukrainian “Sich” contributed to the creation of national military structure within the Austrian Armed Forces before the First World War. During the time of War K. Trylovskyy contributed to the formation of national military units. This paper traces the process of forming social and political views of Cyryl Tryl’ovs’kyi on the background of socio economic and political development of Western lands in the late XIX – early XX century. Even being a student Сyryl Tryl’ovs’kyi entered the Ruthenian-Ukrainian Radical Party which formed its ideological and political views and determined the direction of future life path. Soon the young lawyer became one of the most active and popular party leader. At the seventh congress in October 1898 Cyryl Tryl’ovs’kyi along with Ivan Franko and Michael Pavlik was eleced Chief Executive. Despite the fact that K. Trylovskyy shared the same ideas as Drahomaniv, he always had his stable position, which often led to conflicts with the leadership of the party. The article analyzes the activity Cyryl. Trylovskoho before and during World War I on the formation of national military groups, discovered his role in the creation and deployment of military activities of Sich Legions. He joined the main Ukrainian Council while working as a member of the total Ukrainian Council in Vienna. This paper investigates the role and place of Cyryl Tryl’ovs’kyi in social and political processes of Western Ukraiinian National Republic period. It was stressed that the activity K. Trylovskyy during Western Ukraiinian National Republic was aimed at nation-building. In October 1918 he joined the Ukrainian National Council of Ukraiinian National Republic. During 1918–1919. Cyryl Trylovskyy worked as deputy head of the district department of the National Council in Kolymna, a member of the Committee of Foreign Affairs,he was a member of the military and administrative committee Ukrainian National Republic. In April 1919 K. Trylovskyy was elected to the Regional Land Commission, which implemented the project of agrarian reform. As a member of Ukrainian National Republic he held a special position and supported the need for party building and the reactivation of the Radical Party. At the same period Cyryl Trylovskyy created Peasant – radical club that became the basis of Peasant – Radical Party, and in February 1919, reestablished the publication of radical newspaper “ The public voice” in Colomya. A separate line of investigation is devoted to studying the peculiarities of the Ukrainian youth and national sport organizations and the role of Cyryl Tryl’ovskyi in this movement during interwar period in Poland. After the fall of Western Ukraiinian National Republic Cyryl Trylovskyi worked in the government of Ye.Petrushevych. His political activity was aimed at expantion of Peasant – Radical Party in Eastern Galicia and Ukrainian national council. In 1921 Cyryl Trylovskyy created working sports association “ Sich”, which represented the Ukrainian workers in International competitions in Vienna. Back in Galicia, K. Trylovskyy tried to reactivate the Sich organizations, but under the rule of the Polish government that was practically impossible. At the same time, he positively assessed the national sports movement (‘Sokil’, ‘Plast’) and contributed much to it’s development.
Колективне суспільне документування історичних процесів збройних формувань України періоду національно-визвольної революції 1917–1921 рр. в українській Вікіпедії
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014) Мина, Ж. В.; Пелещишин, А. М.
Досліджуються особливості колективного суспільного документування історичних процесів збройних формувань України періоду національно-визвольної революції 1917– 1921 рр. в українській Вікіпедії. Моніторинг матеріалів української Вікіпедії свідчить про те, що інформація щодо Збройних сил зазначеного періоду потрібна і цікава як для наукового співтовариства, так і для широкого загалу громадськості. This article considers the current problem of investigation of the collective public documentation of the historical process of Ukrainian armed formation in the period of national liberation revolution of 1917–1921 in Ukrainian Wikipedia. Today Ukrainian Wikipedia has insufficient number of articles about the Armed Forces formation in the time of Ukrainian national liberation revolution of 1917–1921. The first wiki-article in this issue in the November 2007 is published. It was a brief article that a summary is contained. Gradually it is complemented and intensified of sources. Thus, in the first wiki-article “Army of Ukrainian National Republic” the just one reference to the “Small Dictionary of History of Ukraine” (edited by Valeriy Smoliy) is contained and the next wiki-article references to authors-memoirists are contained. The text in further version of wiki-article is structured. Appearing the following sections of wiki-article: 1) Precondition; 2) Structure; 3) Hostilities; 4) The end of existence of Army of Ukrainian National Republic. The beginning of the article is the definition which is as follows: “The Army of Ukrainian National Republic (The Ukrainian People’s Army, also known as the UNA, Naddnipryanska Army, Effective Army) – The armed forces of the UNA during the Ukrainian national liberation movement in 1917–21 years; formation that established on the basis the ukrainian parts of Russian Imperial Army, volunteer detachments, “Ukrainian Sich Riflemen", “Free Cossacks” and galicians which are prisoners of war.” In 26 January 2008, the first archival photograph of soldiers of the Ukrainian People’s Republic is appeared in an article. It is quite understandable that the article required the editing, refining, expanding of information. The expansion of content that is added to sections and received clarification in item by item is resulted. However, the source base is not expanded, and basic information gathered from the afore-cited sources. In 2 August, 2009 a significant addition – chapter 10 that titled as “See also” is appeared. A new article “Awards of UNR” is written, which starts its own history as collective document. Nowadays this article is meaningful and it contains tables, photo documents and video archive. The Russian version of article “Army of Ukrainian National Republic” is in a condensed form than Ukrainian version of this article. There are no references in two variants of article. It is a common drawback of most wiki-articles that giving specific data without references to primary source. English version is also different from the Ukrainian version. The some sections are separated. These sections in the previous version are distributed. For example, section “Ranks and insignia”. It presents the military ranks of the end of 1917: Otaman Frontu, Otaman Armii, Otaman Korpusu, Otaman Divizii, Otaman Brihady (Brigadier general). Thus, at present there are many documents and sources available to scientists on the Internet with the exception of the traditional system of libraries and archives. Their successful use of requires from users the knowledge of the general structure and mechanisms of work in global information network, the successful compilation of requests to search engines and databases and skills of critical estimate of resources of historic thematic. Nowadays the collective public documentation of the historical process of Ukrainian armed formation in the period of national liberation revolution of 1917–1921 in Ukrainian Wikipedia is not completely considered. There are a number of difficulties. The solution of these difficulties a unified strategy of research is required. The real influence and participation of historians to create pages with using the reliable sources are needed. A lot of unresolved issues concerning documentation of the historical process of Ukrainian armed formation in the period of national liberation revolution of 1917–1921 in Ukrainian Wikipedia are arisen before historians.
Корпус охорони прикордоння Другої Речі Посполитої у Волинському воєводстві: особливості формування (1924–1929 рр.)
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014) Юрчук, Л. В.
Автор статті, використовуючи архівні джерела, наукові праці польських істориків, мемуари, польську пресу, з’ясовує форми організації Корпусу охорони прикордоння (КОП) у Волинському воєводстві в 1924–1929 рр. Дослідник аналізує роль КОП у військовій доктрині Польщі та соціально-політичному житті краю. In this article the author investigates the ways of the cooperation of the frontier defense Corps with the organs of governmental administration in the strengthening of Polish state system in Volhynia in 1924–1939 as wellas the methods of their realization. Also the author analyzes the influence of the eultural and educational activity of the Corps as wele its economic activity on the lives of the population in the frontier areas.
Кістень у Галицькому та Волинському князівствах (X–XIV ст.)
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014) Терський, С. В.
Проаналізовано тапологічні особливості ударної зброї X–XVI ст. – кістенів, знайдених на землях Волинського та Галицького князівств. Обгрунтовується висновок про місцеві особливості видовго складу кістенів. War-flails belongs to the axe type of weapon and consists of a weigh fastened to the handle with a flexible gążwa (eg. a thong). Flail fight was based on quick circular movements of the thong and weighs and hitting. As early as 3000 BC this type of weapon originated from the mace-like objects with holes containg thong fragments. The alleged exemplars of this type of weapon are associated with the 3rd – 4th cent. Sarmatian tombs. The earliest flails in the early medieval Europe appeared among the Avars (7th – 8th cent.) later (second half of the 8th – 10th cent.) they became popular among the Khazars. This type of weapon was astonishingly popular in Ruthenia, where it appeared probably thanks to the Khazars, beaten in 965 AD by the Duke Svyatoslav. In the next centuries (to be more precise – till the 16th century) flails became one of the most distinctive features of the Old Ukrainian culture.The current collection of flails found in Halych and Volynian land consists of more than 50 artefacts and their parts. Nine of them were made of bones and horns (pict. 1), others – of iron, lead and bronze (pict. 2).Type I (Kirpičnikov classification) is represented by the artefacts made of bones and horns. The earlier artefacts of the Avar and Khazar stands in Ruthenia are dated on the second half of the 10 th to the 13 th cent. Flails from Halych, Plisnesk, Stupnycia, Cherven, Zvenygorod, castle near Shepetivka and castle Bozok are included in this type. There are some images associated with the Rurykowicze symbols which are placed on the artefacts from Zvenygorod; they can be dated on the 11 th-13 th cent. The flail from Cherven case looks similar. This unique exemplar has two relief images of the Ukrainian dignitary – Boyar as well as the image of half-woman and half-bird with a fish-like tail. The artefacts from Zvenygorod and castle Bozok is dated on the first half of the 12 th–13 th cent. and has a haracteristic iron mandrel used for the thong fastening. The last one belonging to this type of flails is the one from Zvenygorod; due to its form has no direct analogies in the published material. It is dated on the second half of the 10 th – 13 th cent. which is proved by the artefacts accompanying it. Iron flails represent type II (Dorogobuzh, Zelenche, Cherven, castle near Shepetivka) and type IV (Peremyl). Due to the unclear character of the finding, the first one can be dated on the second half of the 10 th-13 th cent. Among bronze flails we can distinguish type IIA (Peresopnycia) and IIIA (Halychyna) which are examples of the greatest Old Ukrainian craftsmen artistry. These flails, primarily cast in copper forms mainly by the southern Ruthenian craftsmen are richly decorated in the manner characteristic for the 12 th-13 th cent. Because of that they were probably more a warrior status symbol than a real weapon. It is worth mentioning that the artefact from Gorodok due to its small size is treated like a toy. The presence of flails on the western Ukrainian borders, belonging in the past to the Halych-Volynian kingdom cannot be surprising. They constituted an inseparable element of the old Ukrainian culture. Their splendid character indicates their value, certifying the high social and political status of the owners. Some of them were probably produced in that locatio.
Організація тотальної фіксації та видання свідчень про Голодомори 1932–1933 і 1946–1947 років: системні підходи
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014) Гнатюк, В. М.
Обґрунтовано актуальну потребу якнайшвидшої організації тотального, в межах кожного населеного пункту колишньої підрадянської України, записування свідчень про Голодомори 1932–1933 рр. та 1946–1947 рр. Терміновість цього завдання зумовлена дуже похилим віком потенційних інформаторів, яким нині уже виповнилося 80–90 років, а його актуальність – потребою максимально повної фіксації документів усної історії із зазначеної тематики, а також розгортанням досліджень регіональних особливостей Голодомору в різних місцевостях та картографуванням явищ Голодоморів, що його вже розпочали українські науковці. Швидко зібрати фактичний матеріал в усіх населених пунктах України, що зазнали страхіть Голодоморів, а також увести його в науковий обіг за допомогою архівації та видання відповідних збірників можна лише із застосування системних підходів. Ключовим моментом тут повинно бути створення Всеукраїнського координаційного комітету, який мав би зорганізувати всю роботу, видати потрібні науково-методичні матеріали для записувачів, налагодити зв’язок з органами районної влади усіх регіонів колишньої підрадянської України. Основним контингентом записувачів, найбільше підготовлених до цієї роботи, автор вважає педагогів місцевих шкіл, а також студентів і викладачів ВНЗ, яких Всеукраїнський координаційний комітет разом із відповідними структурами райдержадміністрацій мав би відповідно зорганізувати. Зібраний польовий матеріал слід, на думку автора, архівувати, а також формувати з нього збірники спогадів про Голодомори і, за можливості, видавати їх в електронному чи паперовому вигляді, що дозволить швидко ввести їх у науковий обіг і використовувати в національно-патріотичному вихованні населення. Найоптимальніше структура таких збірників мала б складатися з трьох основних розділів: власне усних свідчень, копій архівних документів, що стосуються відповідних районів, аналітичної статті, яка виявила б специфіку розгортання процесів Голодомору в тому чи іншому районі в контексті всеукраїнських подій. Також, за можливості, до збірників можна долучати списки жертв Голодомору в кожному населеному пункті району, деякі історичні відомості про нього, рецепти сурогатного їдла, що його споживали місцеві мешканці в голодні роки тощо. Особливу увагу слід приділяти спогадам про Голодомор 1946–1947 рр., яких записано сьогодні незрівнянно менше, ніж спогадів про Голодомор 1932–1933 рр. Перші ж мають надзвичайно важливе консолідаційне значення для української нації, оскільки мільйони людей з Центральної та Східної України було врятовано завдяки допомозі мешканців Західної України. Слід розгортати записування спогадів про Голодомори і від жителів Західної України, особливо в колишніх прикордонних областях із підрадянськими територіями, що розкривало б нові аспекти трагедії всієї нації. In the article the problem of the systematic approach to the total fixation and publication of the testimonies about holodomors 1932–1933 and 1946–1947 years is considered. The author proposes to create a Centre of coordination, that could to manage all the work. The centre could organize the groups of investigators of schoolteachers in all the regions, consult them, accumulate and publish all collected testimonies. The most preferable form of publishing are the regional books of such a structure: testimonies, archive documents and a large analytic article. The lists of the victims of Holodomor could be added hear as well as the names and the receipts of the courses, made by starving peasants at that time, the examples of the local folklore of the issue and cet. The especial significance have the testimonies about the Holodomor of 1946–1947 years because of their consolidation role for the Ukrainian society. At that time a lot of Ukrainians from East Ukraine saved their lives bying and changing bread in the West Ukraine. The collecting of the testimonies organized in such a way can help to make all the work very quickly during several months and then during 2–3 years to publish regional books where all the facts of starvation in Ukraine will be reflected. This mode of collecting testemonies was used by auther during preparing for publishing the book «Голодовка. Переяславщина в 1932–1933 роках. Свідчення» (Київ; Нью-Йорк, 2000).