Держава та армія. – 2014. – №784
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://ena.lpnu.ua/handle/ntb/24509
Вісник Національного університету "Львівська політехніка"
Тематичний випуск “Держава та армія” фахового Вісника Національного університету “Львівська політехніка” виданий з ініціативи Інституту гуманітарних та соціальних наук Львівської політехніки. У цьому випуску Вісника публікуються наукові статті, в яких основну увагу приділено проблемі історії України та її державності і національним Збройним cилам. Виходить у двадцять другий раз. Цей випуск також містить матеріали Міжнародної науково-практичної конференції “Проблеми музеєфікації, реконструкції та експонування пам’яток ранньосередньовічної доби”, що відбулась на базі Культурно-археологічного центру с. Пересопниця на Рівненщині 1–2 червня 2013 р. Розрахований на науковців, викладачів гуманітарних дисциплін, студентів, усіх тих, хто цікавиться проблемами військової історії України.
Вісник Національного університету «Львівська політехніка» : [збірник наукових праць] / Міністерство освіти і науки України, Національний університет «Львівська політехніка». – Львів : Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014. – № 784 : Держава та армія / відповідальний редактор С. В. Терський. – 288 с.
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Item Створення та діяльність більшовицьких військ в Україні в кінці 1918 – 1929 роках у сучасній історіографії(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014) Хома, І. Я.У загальних рисах проаналізовано основні здобутки сучасної української історіографії в дослідженні становлення та діяльності військ Червоної армії на території України в кінці 1918 – 1920 роках. Modern Ukrainian historiography of Ukrainian National Revolution (1917–1921) has been presented by hundreds of research papers, theses, monographs that covervarious aspects of that age. The vast majority of works concern the problems that until 1991 were suppressed, falsified an derased from the memory of society. Clearly there is a need in scientific reappraisal of the establishment of Bolshevik government history, bothin general and in detail. It comprises new problems and aspects that were not consideredin Soviet historiography, suppressed or distorted. The reappraisal and new scientific publications should be based on modern methodological approaches, sources, factsetc. According to historian V.Verstyuk “Ukrainian historians practically stopped to study the history of Bolshevism. This is very interesting phenomen on that... was not examined critically” [1, p. 129]. The aim of the article is to determine the general state of researchin modern Ukrainian historiography the formation an dactivities of the Red Army against the forces of the UNR in the end of 1918 – 1920. The modern historiography refers to scientific researches that have been issued since independence. In general the historiography of this problem is divided into two groups. Works that briefly concider this perspective, as well as those that are directly related to current military events in Ukraine of 1918–1920. The first group include monographs written by S.Kulchytskyy, M.Doroshko and G.Kuriy. S. Kulchytskyy under the scheme of communismin Ukraine is considering the problem of “military and political alliance” between Bolshevik Russia and Ukrainian Soviet government. M.Doroshko raises the general questions about coming of Bolsheviks’ regime. The value of H.Kuriy’s monographis in collected and summarized factual material that refers to G. Petrovskyy’s activities, who was involved in the military and political processes of that time. V.Verstyuk’s publication “Ukrainian Revolution: metaphors, object, interpretation” motivated to write the article. These condgroup is presented by monographs of V.Verstyuk, V.Kuzmenko and A.Rukkas, V.Savchenko’s scientific and popular publication, the sis researches of O.Bozhko and O.Chihradze. In addition to N. Makhno’s military units that were apart of Bolshevik forces, V.Verstyuk’s monograph presentsa number of legitimate critical views about the military and political alliance, the formation and activities of the Red Army. V.Kuzmenko’s scientific paper considers the specificity of state building in the USSR, where the focus of attention on the attitude of the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics to the Ukrainian Soviet Army is especially interesting. A.Rukkas describesin details the condition of Soviet troops and the major battles that were held on the territory of Ukraine during th e Ukrainian-Polish-Soviet War in 1920, as well as directly against the UNR’s troop sin November of that year. That paper is the latest significant achievement in Ukrainian militaryhistory. The thesis presented by O.Bozhko did not lose its relevance because it is the only comprehensive work about the Ukrainian Soviet Army before the military and political union of 1919. In O.Chihradze’s work there are presented schemes of the Bolshevik forces structure, comparison of the warring parties’ military capability, ethnic composition is mentioned and other issues are considered. Scientific and popular book written by V.Savchenko is an achievement of historiography. The structure of the book shows the author has thorough knowledge in the topic of military events in Ukraine during 1917 – 1921. However V.Savchenko avoid the implication of archival documents and links for the scientific apparatus on which his work is based. In general, the problem of Ukrainian Soviet Army, and later Bolshevik forces that have been operating in Ukraine did not become the subject of a separate research in modern Ukrainian historiography. Every of the mentioned researches who worked in it sown field during scientific analysis draws attention to the different aspects of military construction, military activities of the armed forces of the Ukrainian Soviet government and the institutions that are under its controll. In analyzed works the historians raise the question of chronological boundaries of the military actions, compare strength and combat cap ability the of warring armies, tactical and strategic principles of the activities and others. The combination of these aspects shows that inmodern historiography, onthe background of a large number of works about military construction of the UNR and fight on various fronts, there was formed a common vision for the establishment and activities of the main enemy camp in 1917–1921 years – the Red Army.Item Формування наукових уявлень про козацьку клинкову зброю: від др. пол. XIX ст. до сучасності(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014) Тоїчкін, Д. В.У статті розглянуто історію розвитку наукових уявлень про козацьку зброю від кінця ХІХ ст. до нашого часу. Проаналізовано українську, російську та європейську наукову історіографію. Вивчається шабля, відома як особиста зброя “можливо самого” гетьмана Юрія Хмельницького. Проаналізувавши характеристики шаблі, автор доходить висновку, що у цьому предметі поєднано риси різних історичних перідодів. Цей зразок, сумлінно виконаний “за історичними мотивами”, створює справжній прецедент, розширюючи поле для наукової дискусії щодо вигляду української карабелі, оправленої центрально- чи східноукраїнськими золотарями у другій половині XVIII ст. The article deals with the history of scientific concepts about Cossack cold steel from the late nineteenth century to the present. Author analyses Ukrainian, Russian and European scientific historiography. For now in Ukraine have already been created sufficient theoretical, methodological and technical base, and also have been taken the first practical steps towards a comprehensive solution of weaponology problems with contemporary scientific level. The identification of Ukrainian weapons is the actual problem now. This fact evidenced not only by increasing in quantity and quality polemical articles, but the appearance on the antiques market of artifacts, that form misconceptions about the original Cossack weapons in collector and even scholar community. In this regard, the appearance on the Ukrainian market of antique saber, known as a personal weapon “perhaps of Hetman Yurii Khmelnytsky itself” was an important event. After studying of characteristics of saber, the author concludes that style of sample combines the features of different historical periods. If the saber is a fake, it could be produced only in modern times, when the serious scientific research on Ukrainian arts, crafts and morphology of Eastern European bladed weapons have been published. One should note that the appearance of such creation must speed up scientific studies of antique Ukrainian cold steel. This pattern, made in “faithful historical style”, creates a real precedent for expanding the field of scientific discussions about the morphology of Ukrainian karabela, made by craftsmen of Central or Eastern Ukraine in the second half of the 18th century. Thus in the late 19th century, the heyday of the industry of fakes, none of the famous Ukrainian collectors or respected scientists already could not clearly explain how specifically would look like authentic Ukrainian sabre. The name “Cossack” is usually referred to the samples of Ottoman, Persian, Central Asian and Eastern European bladed weapons dating from 18 to 19th centuries. The similar concept accepted in contemporary museum collections of Ukraine. At present the problem of identifying of Ukrainian cold steel of the early modern time is more relevant than ever. Many questions regarding the origin, development and distribution of Cossack armament are still unresolved.Item До проблеми трактування національно-визвольного опору українців в роки Другої світової війни(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2014) Конюхов, С. В.Проаналізовано відомі праці сучасних істориків та розглянуто позиції авторів щодо опору українців окупаційним режимам у роки Другої світової війни. Відзначені основні проблеми, що впливали на трактування національно-визвольного опору українців у роки Другої світової війни. Окреслено напрямки національно-визвольного опору. The suggested scientific survey proves that even today among scholars and historians there is certain disagreement in evaluating Ukrainian resistance to the occupation regime during the Second World War. This conclusion is based on the analyzed works by modern historians. In Soviet times, historians actively covering events of war drew attention to the tactics and strategy, to the heroism of the people who survived the war, to the crimes of German occupants (nazis). The historiography of the period of the soviet times is full of studies of the role and experience of the communist party in the struggle for the victory over the enemy. The participation of OUN and UPA in the operations is not meant in this literature at all. At the same time, the Soviet Army’s errors were ignored, the repressive and punitive system of Soviet authorities was not taken into consideration, the participation in Second World War of UPA and OUN in the Second World War was considered only in negative terms. Among the important peculiarities of the current historiography there is promotion and democratization of researching the events of the Second World War, diversification and expansion of their subjects. Thorough disclosure of the causes and peculiarities of resistance of Ukrainians to the occupation regime is one of the main directions of modern historical research. In modern historiography, this problem is of great importance. The works of K. Kondratyuk, O. Sukhyi, V. Stetskevych, I. Patyrlyak, V. Vyatrovych, W. Kosyk, W. Shaykan, M. Lytvyn, M. Koval and other historians formed historiographical tradition of researching this important and relevant scientific and political problem. The researchers have put in scientific use a considerable amount of little-known and unknown documents from national and foreign archives.. Some scientists exploring areas of national liberation resistance in the years of 1939-1945 are focusing on the fight of UPA against the Soviet totalitarian regime. Other researchers are focused on Ukrainian-Polish confrontation, the third ones are observing the opposition to the German occupation regime. In all the analyzed works the opinion is stated that the Ukrainian nationalist resistance during the Second World War was very powerful. Its task of it was to defend the interests of its nation. It is encouraging that in the analyzed Polish history works the facts are presented objectively and unbiased. The authors try to present a clear and accessible the material on the events of the past in a clear and accessible way, and in this context they offer the information about the Ukrainian nationalist resistance during the Second World War.