Архітектура. – 2016. – №856

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://ena.lpnu.ua/handle/ntb/39985

Вісник Національного університету "Львівська політехніка"

У збірнику наукових праць опубліковано результати науково-дослідних робіт професорсько-викладацького складу Інституту архітектури Національного університету “Львівська політехніка”, а також архітектурних шкіл інших вищих навчальних закладів. У публікаціях розглянуто актуальні проблеми теорії та практики у галузі архітектури, містобудування і дизайну. Для студентів, аспірантів, докторантів, наукових, науково-педагогічних працівників та спеціалістів, які працюють у галузі архітектури.

Вісник Національного університету "Львівська політехніка". Серія: Архітектура : збірник наукових праць / Міністерство освіти і науки України, Національний університет "Львівська політехніка ; голова редакційно-видавничої ради Н. І. Чухрай. – Львів : Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2016. – № 856. – 243 с. : іл.

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Історична фортеця “Окопи Святої трійці” на Тернопільщині
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2016) Лукомська, З. В.; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
У дослідженні представлено маловідомий фортифікаційний об’єкт “Окопи Святої Трійці”, який був зведений у XVII ст. на території сучасного с. Окопи, Борщівського району, Тернопільської області. Унікальність об’єкта полягає у його розташуванні на вузькому перешийку із стрімкими скелястими берегами, у межиріччі, недалеко від впадіння р. Збруч у р. Дністер. Розкрито особливості колишнього стратегічного військового об’єкта, представлено його етапи розвитку від періоду закладення до сучасного стану. Проведено ідентифікацію збережених цінних елементів колишньої фортеці та виконано теоретичну реконструкцію її первісної планувальної структури. Запропоновано ідеї щодо представлення, охорони та збереження існуючих фрагментів історичної фортеці. In this article one of the little-known fortificated objects, called Okopy of the Holy Trinity, is represented. This fortress was erected in the XVII century on the territory of modern village Okopy, situated near town Borshchiv in Ternopil region. Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski (crown hetman of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) and Marcin Kazimierz Kątski (voivode of Kyiv) - are known as the founders of this stronghold. The authorship of the project is ascribed to the famous Dutch architect Tylman van Gameren. The uniqueness of this object is hidden in its location on a narrow isthmus surrounded by a rapid rocky shores, between two rivers - Zbruch and Dnister. The fortress consisted of two lines of defense. The structure of the eastern line of defense consisted of: two demi-bastions, one bastion, ravelin and the gate (called “Kamjanetska”). The structure of the western line includes: two demi-bastions, ravelin and the gate (called “Lvivska”). The features of the former strategic military object and stages of its development are also presented in this article. Castle reached its greatest prosperity in the beginning of XVIII century - after receiving the status of the “city”, but after arriving of Austrian Empire the fortress finally collapsed. In this article we defined that fortification system Okopy of the Holy Trinity belongs to old Dutch military engineering school. We can find using of such type of fortification in famous objects dated XVII - XVIII centuries, we are talking about Stanislaviv, Brody, Czestochowa. The most interesting of analogous objects is fortress Mariampil situated in Galician district of Ivano-Frankivsk region, which was built in the late XVIIc. by Jan Jabłonowski. The most interesting related features, that assimilated these two objects, are unique natural local conditions combined with bastion fortifications, that were used both in Okopy and in Mariampil as a major defense measures. At this stage of development, we have partially preserved fragments of two entrance gates, fully preserved fragment of guard tower, fragments of bastions and curtain walls are saved in the form of significant differences of relief. Nowadays, the former valuable historical fortress has no conservation status, for this reason, all preserved fragments are going to ruin. While our research work we made an identification of the surviving elements of the former fortress and implemented theoretical reconstruction of its original planning structure. We also presented ideas concerning protection and preservation of existing historical fragments of the fortress. Also we considered examples of successful marking, museumification and exhibiting of the former defense complexes in Europe. An important aspect of the protection, conservation and adaptation of valuable historic fortification complex involves in joining them to the existing popular tourist ways and programs. Given the fact that a former fortress Okopy of the Holy Trinity is located nearby the famous tourist attractions: the castle in Khotyn and the fortress in Kamjanets-Podilsky, for this reason the inclusion of the object to the tourism program of the region enables to promote this historical complex and helps in its protection and preservation.
Європейський досвід збереження та використання постіндустріальних об’єктів
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2016) Демків, М. В.; Готь, О. А.; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
Розглянуто досвід збереження архітектури промислових об’єктів міст Європи. Визначено напрямки розвитку сучасних тенденцій збереження та використання промислової архітектури. The article considers the experience in preserving the architecture of industrial facilities in the European cities. The author has established the directions to develop the modern trends of preserving and use of the industrial architecture. He has described the factors affecting the industrial heritage status. Yet it has been distinguished, that one of the key historical factors is the movement from the industrial to the informative society. That caused the decline of many industrial facilities, elements of which have some architectural and historical value. The author has also highlighted such factor as a modern thoughtless use of the industrial architecture. Such approach may lead to the destruction and loss of the valuable architectural heritage. Thus, under such circumstances, the main task of architects is to restore the functioning of postindustrial facilities by means of giving the new functions to them because such facilities are considered to have a potential to promote development of the modern cities nowadays. The author has taken four facilities for example to examine the modern experience in the use and preservation of industrial architecture in the European cities. There has been analysis of the architectural and urban characteristics of each facility. Then, he has paid considerable attention to the reconstruction and restoration methods as well as to the modern function that should be the basis of preservation and use of such buildings. The Gasholders in Vienna have firstly served to analyze them as a facility, which is an interesting example of integration of the modern function into historic industrial building. The article considers the methods applied for adaptation of the four gasholders to accommodate a complete multifunctional complex inside. This complex is located outside the city core. It is a point of attraction in the former industrial area and contributes to its development. The following example, which the author has analyzed in the article, is the Granary (built in the 19th century) on Abby Road in London. For a long time this building has been remained neglected and demanded protection from destruction. The project brought the commercial function in it. It is important that the complex has become a significant component in the social centre of the area. The article has considered the project of a multimedia library in the French town of Erstein with the population, which does not exceed 10 thousand people. The old former mill has become a significant facility in the life of the small town. It provides young people with the possibility of useful and interesting leisure activities. Such peculiarity is very important for towns where there is a trend towards the ageing of the population. The author considers the Eastern European experience on the example of the city of Łódź. Power station ES-1 is one of the largest postindustrial complexes that have acquired the new life. The power station premises occupy the most territory of the block where it is located. After reconstruction, there was created a large community center that could bring back to life the completely industrial area. Analysis of the foreign experience has proved that preserving and use of the historical industrial architecture is quite common in Europe. The architects use almost the similar methods while integrating the modern functions. In particular, there is a trend to preserve the exterior of the building and to emphasize the architecture value as well as to clean the indoor spaces. Such tendencies freely allow providing any building with the new destination. Key words: post-industrial object, preservation, using, experience.
Зміст до Вісника Серія: Архітектура № 856
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2016)
Принципи об`ємно-розпланувального та образного вирішення мансардних поверхів багатоквартирних будинків на прикладі Відня
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2016) Попович, С. Р.; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
Розглядаються основні принципи об’ємно-планувального та образного вирішення мансардних поверхів, влаштованих на горищних поверхах багатоквартирних будинків, на прикладі натурних обстежень, фотофіксацій та аналізу вирішення мансардних поверхів багатоквартирних будинків у м. Відень, Австрія. Подано рекомендації щодо проектування мансардних поверхів залежно від типу та стилістики оточуючої забудови. Lviv is a city with a rich historical architectural heritage, but it is also a city that is currently growing. Therefore, it is needed a special comprehensive approach to solve problems associated with the reconstruction of attic floors. The analysis of existing mansard and attic floors shows noticeable lack of general harmonious imaginative solutions, primarily due to the completion of chaos, neglect attic floors, usage of different materials and colors coverings. By the way,gv civen the strong demand among residents for placement attics, reconstruction of attic floor is one of the main methods of revitalization of the urban environment. This article discusses the basic principles of volumetric solution and imaginative solutions of mansards, arranged in attic floors of apartment buildings located in the existing built environmenton the example of the results of field surveys, photofixation and analysis of solutions of attic floors of apartment buildings in Vienna, Austria. Roofs form a silhouette of the city, but factors such as chaotic partial reconstruction of attics, design excluding architectonics of surrounding buildings, the use of different types of coating, finishing materials, etc. destroys the harmony of the silhouette of the city. In the paper are listed recommendations for the design of attic floors, depending on the type and style of the surrounding buildings. For example, it is recommended to rehabilitate the whole story, not just part of it, especially given the composition of the building and its location in the street structure. The approaches to scale of reconstruction are various for buildings of different eras. Thus, for historic buildings, protected by UNESCO, it is advisable to renovate the attic floor to the roof volume to improve technical and economic performance, energy-saving buildings, replacement of roof coverings in the same style.The building of 19-20 centuries which is not a monument of architecture, it is permissible to include new volumes, change the shape of the roof, to arrange terraces, landscaping and more. In terms of lack of free sites for new construction in the city, attic reconstruction can become an alternative source of increasing in housing stock, will improve the technical condition of the building and will become part of the revitalization of areas that are in decline.
Міські герби в оздобленні фасадів будівель міста Львова
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2016) Цюпа, М. С.; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
Проаналізовано геральдичний декор, що зображає герб міста на фасадах будівель Львова. На основі власних емпіричних досліджень та фотофіксації збережених у Львові зразків геральдичного декору проаналізовано історичний аспект формування та застосування гербів в архітектурі. Описано стильові особливості розвитку геральдичного декору та проведено класифікацію геральдичного декору. In the article analyzed heraldic decoration depicting a coat of arms on the facades of Lviv’s buildings. We describe stylistic features of heraldic decoration, described the classification of materials and classification heraldic decoration. Works of heraldic décor historically and artistically represent the epoch of their creation. Heraldric compositions is the symbols of the city or the founders of various buildings and facilities constitute an integral part of Lviv architecture. Lviv emblem is one of the oldest Ukrainian city signs. The emblem depicts a lion which is a major figure and a symbol of the city. The coat of arms of the city of Lviv features a golden lion beneath a city gate in a blue field. The lion was a traditional symbol of the city throughout the ages. Initially it was used as a seal in the court. The first such depictions occurred on 13th-century seals. The earliest known emblem of the city features a lion passant through a city gate pointed with three towers. It was featured on a city council seals, used by the magistrate in 1359 and later. In 1526 Polish king Sigismund the Old of Poland formally accepted the coat of arms. After the capture of the Kingdom of Poland Lviv city began to use the mark on flags, facades of the buildings, books, in trade and so on. In 1586 bishop Jan Dymitr Sulikowski,royal diplomat and a bishop of Lwów, as the city was called back then, was accepted on an audience by the Pope Sixtus V. The emblem of the city has changed over the years, new pieces were added, but in the center of the composition there always was a lion at the gate. In this form it was preserved till our times. At present a great deal of works of heraldic décor on the facades of Lviv buildings need restoration. Restoration of the old city sign gave rise to a new stage of Ukrainian municipal heraldry. Analyzing saved emblems can be divided into three groups: The first group includes heraldic composition XVII. This signs are made of stone and placed in homes and other buildings; the second is the heraldic composition placed on educational institutions, mainly schools and gymnasiums, made in the XIX century. third heraldic composition is placed on the administrative and public buildings XVIII–XX centuries. Based on field research revealed that the heraldic composition belonging to the first group are made of stone, the herb are placed on a round disk with Latin inscriptions or laurel wreath. Stone emblems placed on the walls of apartment buildings on the 13 Serbian St., and 28, 36 Staroevreyska St. Heraldic composition belonging to the second group, placed on the facade of the Gothic schools on boards or cartouche with curls. They include former female school of Queen Jadwiga on 10 Shevchenko Pr., School St. Anne on 2 Leontovych. St., former school of A. Mickiewicz on 15 Theatralna St., former City School of Tadeusz Chatsky on 10 Tamanska St., School of Bartholomew Zimorovycha on 171 Lychakivska St., formerly School of Nicholas Ray on 6 Chornovola Pr., a former female professional school on the 8–10 Zelena St., the former Industrial School on 47 Snopkivska St., a former school of Piramovych on 17 Pidvalna st., school of Stashytsya on the 45 Lesya Ukrayinka st. The herbs belonging to the third group placed on administrative and public buildings, it is a Town Hall of Lviv on 1 Runok Sq., Fire Strantion on 6 Pidvalna st., the National Museum on 10 Liberty Pr., Central Station house on 1 Dvirceva Sq., the former home of the Chamber of Commerce in 17–19 Shevchenko Pr., Lviv department of civil registration on 157 Franko St. Heraldic compositions located on the pediments, walls or above the main entrance. Some heraldic composition of this group are decorated with sculptural design. After analyzing the principles of conservation of architecture and heraldic decoration in Europe and Lviv, we can say that the heradicl decoration is an integral part of the buildings, historical monuments and the art. Preservation of monuments is an important task because today a lot of buildings, areas and samples of decoration on the facades of Lviv buildings need restoration.
Об’єкти культури як містоутворювальний чинник у розвитку великого міста (зарубіжний досвід)
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2016) Посацький, Б. С.; Грицак, М. М.; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
Розглянуто об’єкти культури у зарубіжних великих містах, побудовані у 2006–2014 рр., з погляду їх містоутворювального значення, запропоновано їхню класифікацію за багатьма ознаками. Подано основні терміни та поняття. Досліджено функціональне наповнення об’єктів культури (нових бібліотек і музеїв) та їхнє розташування у структурі міста. The cultural function in the modern post-industrial society, where the leading role played by education and science, can have a significant impact on the city or its individual territories, thus acquiring city-forming importance. Today in foreign countries, implemented, designed and is under construction many institutions and cultural objects. In addition to individual cultural buildings, acquire large distribution centers with a developed infrastructure through which cultural activity is important and even dominant in the functional filling of the urban space. The aim of the article is in classification of cultural objects in a number of features that are important from the perspective of urban planning: location in the city; linking with nodes of the town planning structure (functional,transport); linking with the landscape of the city; functional filling; the estimated number of visitors. This will allow to assess the impact of cultural complexes on urban situation and to determine their role in city life. In this article offers an overview of objects that were recently built or those that are under construction in greater cities for a better acquaintance with contemporary global trends. Based on consideration of the characteristics of new museum buildings we can note certain trends. Placing the museum in the structure of the city has no clear patterns as they can be located both in the central part and in the periphery of the city. We have examples when the museum is included in the structure of the existing historical buildings or located in the former industrial area on the outskirts of town. Museums are polyfunctional objects. In addition to storage and exhibition of cultural heritage, they offer visitors a wide range of additional functions: trade, offices, an auditorium for events, training and more. Volumetric composition of the building must motivate visitors to emphasize the individuality of the building. For example, the MAXXI Museum in Rome – the first national museum of modern art in Italy, designed by architects ZahaHadid. The need to provide leisure and cultural development of society was and is relevant,that is why the the cultural objects rapidly developing and starting to play a significant role in the life of a modern city. There is the practice of combining different functions in one building or urban complexes, contributing use these objects for various needs in any time.An example of continuous use the space of cultural objects is a Museum Quarter in Vienna – during the day in museums proceed the exhibition on the territory and various events, and in the evening – a resting place for students and youth.Based on consideration of new buildings of cultural objects – namely libraries and museums, we can note the following conclusions: 1. When designing cultural objects mortgaged an advanced feature set to provide a wide range of community needs. 2. Cultural objects are projected as new intellectual and cultural center of the city, district or quarter. 3. New cultural facilities are a dominant position in space of the city. Libraries and museums are forming on the dominant areas, streets, quarters.
Сучасні прийоми еколого-естетичного удосконалення нефункціонуючих промислових об’єктів в умовах формування лофту
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2016) Попова, О. А.; Харківський національний університет міського господарства ім. О. М. Бекетова
Розглянуто сучасні прийоми еколого-естетичного удосконалення нефункціонуючих промислових об’єктів в умовах формування лофта. Визначені основні проблеми, які зумовлені сучасним незадовільним моральним і фізичним станом нефункціонуючих промислових об’єктів та невідповідністю їх функціонального наповнення, які знижують соціальну ефективність міста, що вимагає активного професійного втручання, особливо, в процесі формування предметно-просторового оточення активно експлуатованих міських просторів. Виявлена необхідність у створенні балансу між потребами людини і незмінністю характеристик центру міста методом її поновлення. Розглянуто необхідність вирішення суперечності між сформованим архітектурно-предметним оточенням і новими функціональними процесами, за допомогою еколого-естетичного удосконалення нефункціонуючих промислових об’єктів з подальшим формуванням лофт-комплексів громадського і житлового призначення. In this article we look through modern ecology-aesthetic methods of improvement unfunction industrial objects in the conditions of loft formation. It is defined the main problems, which are made by modern unsatisfactory moral and physical conditions of unfunctional industrial objects and unaccordance of their functional filling, especially, in process of formation object-spatial surrounding of active exploitated urban spaces. It is defined the necessity in the making of balance between formated architectural-object surrounding and new functional processes, by the way of ecology-aesthetic improvement of unfunctional industrial objects with further formation of loft-complexes of civil and habitable setting. On the bases of the analysis of foreign and nativ experiences it is defined the main ways of ecologyaesthetic improvement: optimization of ecological situation by the way of liquidation of industrial buildings and complex decision by the way of formation loft– objects and loft– blocks and it is proposed the methods of ecology-aesthetic improvement of unfunctional industrial objects in the conditions of loft formation. The main words are loft, unfunctional industrial objects, ecology-aesthetic improvement. During the environmental and aesthetic improvement compositional planning organization loft blocks may be formed by one of the following: – а single space – the area of in the system solved visually or functionally interrelated elements; – а modular space – the division of the territory into separate napivzamknuti and closed air space allocated to improve the composition or structure of a functional loft quarter; – accent space – the area is subject to one or more objects belonging to the base or have the most meaning in the structure loft quarter.
In memoriam Ігоря Івановича Середюка
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2016) Проскуряков, В. І.; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
Робота присвячена пам’яті одного з яскравих представників Львівської архітектурно школи професора І. І. Середюка. The article is dedicated to the memory of one of the brightest representatives of the Lviv School of Architecture Professor I. I. Seredyuk.
Титульний аркуш до Вісника Серія: Архітектура № 856
(2016)
Категорії біле та чорне в теорії та практиці архітектурної композиції
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2016) Демків, М. В.; Черняєва, В. М.; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
Формулюється поняття “категорій білого та чорного” в архітектурі, виділяються композиційні схеми на основі проведеного аналізу колористики архітектурних об’єктів минулого і сьогодення. Розглядається специфіка формотворення композиційних схем білого та чорного. Особливу увагу приділено архітектурним об’єктам кінця ХХ – початку ХХІ ст. та відзначено композиційні особливості білого та чорного в них. Due to their special semantic richness, psychological, philosophical, cultural, ethical and aesthetic significance white and black have been actively used in everyday life and art for many ages. Since “white” is an achromatic color that reflects the maximum amount of light, and “black” is an achromatic color that absorbs the maximum amount of light, they are extreme expressions of the same, and both are identical. In architectural compositions they are represented by categories of white on white, black on black, white on black, and black on white. There is one more category present in practice, where white equals black - the category of white and black. We can say that in the architecture of ancient cultures and civilizations white and black could be frequently found in the wall paintings, specific architectural details could be highlighted with these colors on the facades of houses. They were presented by regular stonework on the facades of churches in the Middle Ages. In the epoch of Renaissance, a common architectural technique was a breaking a light plane with contrasting dark stripes, which compiled a geometric pattern of squares, diamonds, lines, frames, rings (Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence, San Miniato al Monte, the Baptistery of Saint John in Florence, the Chapel of San Galgano in Monte Siena, Sardinia churches and temples in Tuscany). Under the influence of avant-garde art in the twentieth century white and black are becoming the expression of modernity, the integral parts of compositions in certain areas of architecture, such as minimalism, cubism, high-tech, op-art, conceptualism, they act as accents and dominants in the architectural environment of many cities. They could also be found in functionalism, constructivism and suprematism, since they best express simple spatial patterns and shapes, reveal the silhouette and volume of the building, set orientation in space. Shapes of black and white categories are presented in architecture by compositional schemes. The basic geometric shapes that form these compositional schemes are square, triangle, circle and line. Both main and derivative shapes can make the basis of compositional scheme in architectural practice. Moreover, various operations are carried out with the main shape, thus its transformation into derivative one takes place. These operations include: assimilation with another shape, change of plastics, change of proportions, change of twist, change of rhythm, transfer to the grid structure, intersection, comparison, deformation and overlaying. What is more, each shape undergoes not one, but several operations. If we consider the derivative compositional schemes, where a shape-building element is “square”, the basic operations in their creation can be assimilation, transfer to the grid structure and comparison. The rest of the compositional schemes are formed on the basis of their transformation. The most common operations on changing the basic shape of “circle” is assimilation to the line and square, transfer to the grid structure, comparison and conversion. Compositional schemes based on triangle are formed as the result of operations on assimilation to the square and the line, deformation, change of proportions and rhythms, transfer to the grid structure, and comparison. For transformation of the “line” the compositional schemes frequently use such operations as change of direction, plastics, thickness, grid structure formation, change of rhythm. With different ratio of categories of white and black in the compositions of architecture one can generate different perceptions, sense of architecture, which is one of the main tasks of an architect. Using such techniques, without resorting to the unique three-dimensional and constructive solutions, we can distinguish architectural objects from the crowd, create spatial landmarks and harmonize urban environment, make it integral, introduce statics and dynamism, optical illusions able to capture the attention, give an extraordinary, vivid, emotionally-saturated image to the building. One compositional scheme with the use of the defined categories of white and black allows achieving different images of the building. The issue of this relation remains open; its studying will make it possible to show new sides of the white and black categories in the architectural image making.
Неокласицизм в архітектурі Італії міжвоєнного часу: естетика "Ritorno all'ordine" і рух "Novecento Іtaliano"
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2016) Лінда, С. М.; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
Сформовано та розвинено неокласичну традицію в архітектурі Італії у міжвоєнний період на прикладі руху “Novecento Italiano” у Мілані. Показано ідеологічні передумови формування естетики руху, найважливіші представники та програмні реалізації. The peculiarity of the political life in Italy of interwar period was that Italy was the first country in Europe where totalitarian regime was established. According to that, neoclassicism in its Italian version was one of the first examples of their own interpretation of the classical heritage in the ideological context. The difficult economic situation, the weakness of the liberal government in Italy after World War I led to the rapidly growing popularity of far-right political forces that led to the rise to power of the Fascist party led by B. Mussolini in 1922. Fascists linked the idea of creating a new state with the nationalist idea of “Greater Italy”, renewal of which was only possible through strong, purposeful people. Because B.Mussolini almost never spoke about what should be fascist art and architecture, artists began to seek the starting point for the establishment of fascist aesthetics in the formulations that were in party programs and numerous speeches. The official propaganda accents were made on the old national myths about the revival of the nation, the “Third Rome” and the grandeur of the Italian empire. The statement єreturn to orderє – to “ritorno all'ordine” – became the basis for the implementation of the myths.That is why, the classical heritage of the Ancient Rome became a very important source for architects to create a new fascist architecture. On the wave of calls for a new order, based on the classical heritage, an artistic movement “Novecento Italiano” was formed in Milan in 1922. It also included architects. Italian architects “Novechento” launched extremely active and productive construction work. One of the first buildings that announced the arrival of a new style, was “Ca 'Brutta”, which was built in 1919–1922 by Giovanni Mucio. Researchers believe this building is not only the first vivid representation of “Novecento Italiano” in architecture, but the starting point for the development of Italian rationalism and for the style “Littorio”, which was formed in Rome in the late 1920s. Apart from Giovanni Muzio, prominent architects of the Milanese neoclassicism of interwar period included Pietro Portaluppi and Paolo Mezzanotte, who designed and built buildings, which powerfully shaped the architectural image of the interwar Milan. Designed by the architect most closely associated with fascism, Marcello Piacentini, the Palace of Justice was the largest building constructed in Milan in the interwar period. Its architectural forms represented a new stage in the development of fascist architecture – style Littorio. Lombard neoclassical architects were among the first ones in interwar Italy who turned to the classical heritage as a source of modern style searches, demonstrating the possibility of expressing the urgent ideological task by the architectural forms of the past. Modernity was not opposed to classical culture, it was the only means of modern interpretation of archetypes. Their creative search showed a plurality from downright historical citations to elegant schemes, abstract geometry of which only referred to the original sources.
Формування громадських просторів залізничних вокзальних комплексів малих та середніх міст
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2016) Швець, Л. М.; Харківський національний університет міського господарства імені О. М. Бекетова
Аналізуються тенденції розвитку громадських просторів у міському середовищі. Акцентується увага на тому, що простір вокзального комплексу – це платформа для взаємодії різноманітних учасників комунікаційного процесу. У непростих сучасних соціальних перетвореннях подібні платформи необхідні для обговорення будь-яких проблемних питань життя громади. Для малих та середніх міст такі простори потрібно розвивати у структурі залізничних вокзальних комплексів, які є зовнішніми брамами міста та символічно запрошують городян та гостей міста до суспільного діалогу. Окреслено особливості та параметри архітектурно-містобудівного формування залізнич- них вокзальних комплексів малих та середніх міст. In a broad sense public spaces as carriers of certain social relations reflect its community relationships, behaviors and active position and they are indicators of social development. Emotional stress in human relationships has increased at the difficult time of social changes in Ukraine. Internal migration and people mobility that has forced nature has increased. Many migrants are looking for their place in new places it is. Already known, that adaptation to the new community is a serious challenge not only for immigrants but also for city population. That is why it is important to determine the means, to neutralize negative effects of today’s upheavals and create the conditions to discuss urgent issues of the community in every city. The study found that public spaces is the territory of the city, which is the basis of human communication. In addition, the main feature of public spaces is its openness and accessibility to all citizens, regardless of gender, race, ethnicity, age or socio-economic level. Public spaces become centers of attraction and society concentration in difficult periods of social development. Public spaces of RSC of small and medium-sized cities can become a public platform for discussing and finding solutions to the key tasks of the city. Variously formed public spaces may have a different impact on social processes in the city. An important feature of the modern city is its level of self-identity and active position. In small towns community is united through greater interpersonal connectivity, psychological self-identification of each resident, fewer population. Currently, decentralization reform is conducted under the European Charter of Local Self-Government, which is a part of the law of Ukraine on local government. The goal is to ensure the ability of the city to solve matters of local significance itself, using its own resources. It is about empowering local communities with greater resources and mobilizing their internal resources. Among others, these reserves are their external transport hubs - railway station complexes, which are the centers of communication and mobility. For smaller cities where external connections can exceed intraurban, an external transport hub plays a key role in the city life and metabolism. Revealed that the communication potential of RSC and urban development potential of the city are making RSC of small and medium towns a city-forming element, and its public spaces an indicator of the city. Analyzed are urban criteria of the public space by the following characteristics: limitation, structure, periodicity of visits, functionality, location and traffic. Identified are parameters and characteristics of the architecture and building formation in the core structure, buffer and peripheral zones in RSC of small and medium towns. So comfortable public spaces of RSCs have positive impact on communication processes in the city and can improve business, tourist and cultural activities and increase the value of urban territories.
Проблеми та перспективи зовнішньої реклами в історичному Львові
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2016) Швед, О.; Попович, О.; Лотошинська, Н.; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
Розробити концепцію творення зовнішнього рекламного оформлення історичної частини міста, яке б відповідало сучасним вимогам дизайну, ергономіки, урбаністики та естетики міського простору. На основі досліджень спроектовано та запропоновано альтернативні варіанти існуючих рекламних вивісок з візуалізацією на архітектурному об’єкті у межах історико-архітектурного заповідника Львова. In conditions of overwhelming information space by various advertising carriers in huge number and size of outdoor advertising media in Ukraine especially in large cities usually exceeds the appropriate amount creating additional information pressure. The concept of creation urban outdoor advertising design must comply with the modern requirements of design, ergonomics, urbanism and aesthetics of city space, where outdoor advertising, visual information and urban environment form the unified harmonious ensemble. Each element of the advertising carrier should be an integral part of the aesthetic design of advertising information and be on a high level of design decisions. Furthermore, there are normative acts provided by the laws of Ukraine, which regulates principles and rules for outdoor advertising in the city. Moreover, it is important to understand that the task of designers involved in the creation of advertising in the historic environment or building, is to avoid of creating visual time dissonance. At the current stage of research and development of advertising for the historic city center raises the question of professional approach and consideration of European experience in setting up the historic area of the city, which is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Generally, the information concerning the study of specific placement of advertising signs or constructions are mainly artistic or architectural, while informational advertising component, which would include iconographic, analytical and stylistic analysis to create advertising that would harmoniously combined form, content and style with the historic atmosphere of the city are either superficial or generally ignored. Actually, this is the scientific novelty of the chosen subject. The purpose of this research is to develop an algorithm of creating outdoor advertising for the historical city center on the example of designing alternative advertising signs that meet with the modern design principles, municipal advertising laws and respect for their historic context. While designing the outdoor advertising on a historic building the developers’ priority of design solution should be the examples of first advertising, which was installed at the site of the future of design. In order to determine this, it is necessary to explore the history of advertising on the site. For this purpose could be used any source: archives, libraries, internet-museums, etc. The investigation of architectural analogues enables to compensate the absence or lack of photographic materials that would allow to thoroughly study the history of advertising on the studied architectural heritage and, in the absence of earlier advertising on it. Analysis of advertising typographic graphics samples of ХІХ–ХХ century allows to determine the characteristics and aspects of its use in modern design advertising in the historic environment. The study of color advertising is also one of the main priorities in the design in historical city. Considering that the above presented studies due to technology state at the time did not convey full information about historical advertising, such as color and shades of advertising, there is an urgent need to appeal to the iconographic research. Having investigated and evaluated the problem, conducted research summarized in the developed algorithm of creating an urban outdoor advertising design.Structuring the necessary material for making advertising signs that implemented by developed algorithm and its visualization in an assembled catalogue allowing to lay the foundation of outdoor advertising considering the status of the city as a World Heritage property.
Принципи ревалоризації архітектурного ансамблю Василіанського монастиря Преображення Господнього під Бучачем Тернопільської області
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2016) Ремешило-Рибчинська, О. І.; Знак, І. Б.; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
Визначено основні принципи ревалоризації архітектурних ансамблів монастирів Чину Святого Василія Великого (ЧСВВ) та показано їх використання у процесі розроблення проекту відновлення монастирського ансамблю Преображення Господнього під Бучачем Тернопільської області. At its core, the monastery of St. Basil the Great – is the main form of monasticism. Architecturally they are the complete ensembles of historic, cultural, architectural and artistic value and belong to the historical and architectural heritage of the Ukrainian people. To this day in western Ukraine more than 100 ensembles of monasteries of St. Basil the Great have reached with partially preserved churches, monastery buildings, gardens and parks. However, over the centuries, due to the different historical and political factors, most of these bands were subjected to destruction, and compositional integrity affected by major changes undergone some partial and total destruction and as a result they lost their value in modern society. Unfortunately, they are as objects of study, are still out of sight of restoration science, but they have historical artistic and cultural value. In order to save these architectural monuments back to life, it is necessary to continue to use them, which, of course, involves some modernization and adaptation processing of individual elements with a focus on the needs of modern society. Nowadays it is the actual definition of the basic principles of revalorization of monastic ensembles of St. Basil the Great for processing based on the means of implementation. This will be the basis of their application to restore spatial content of monastic ensembles, which in their turn contribute to the socioeconomic development of the territory and increase their value in modern society. If we want to breathe new life into the building, the only one of the restoration will not be enough, because the monastery ensemble - a harmonious unification residential buildings, commercial and sacred purpose of landscape areas that are formed on the basis of the Order of St. Basil the Great that aesthetically inscribed in landscape. They need the new approaches to their current use. Revalorization (from the French. Revalorisation – the return of the lost value) - an activity designed to bring the real monument to the state in which it is possible to complete perception memorial values. The afdaptation, on the other hand, is an important point, defined the concept of “valorization” close period “revalorization”. This term means “to confer value” or “provide value”. Revalorization of architectural ensembles involves a set of scientifically based measures to identify: the potential of their cultural, social, historical, material value within the region, in order to obtain economic benefits from their recovery and creation of tourism infrastructure; degree of preservation and reproduction of their desired weight authentic functional structure, architectural and artistic image of the historic landscape. For example the project design of reconstruction defense of monastery complex of Transfiguration in Buchach in Ternopil region with usageof it as pilgrimage center, formed new approaches to the use of modern monastery of St. Basil the Great. We also determined the main principles such as the principle of preserving the integrity of borders, preserving the principle of the historical landscape, preservation of stylistic unity principle, the principle of providing new features or interpreting the principle and the principle of rational use will contribute to the sustained movement towards giving them new life. This will be the basis of their application to restore spatial content of monastic ensembles of St. Basil the Great, which in their turn contribute to the socioeconomic development of the territory and increase their value in modern society.
Середовищні музеї як засіб музеєфікації містобудівної спадщини
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2016) Ремешило-Рибчинська, О. І.; Брич, М. Т.; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
Проаналізовано проблеми охорони історико-культурних пам’яток містобудівної спадщини, їх поєднання з регіоном, суспільством і оточенням. Запропоновано метод збереження пам’яток шляхом музеєфікації і створення на їх основі середовищних музеїв з метою максимального збереження та виявлення їхньої історико-культурної, наукової, художньої цінності. Здійснено спробу класифікації середовищних музеїв. In this article problems of historical and cultural monuments and urban planning heritage protection, their connection with the region, society and environment are analysed. The method of their preservation by way of museumfication and creation of environmental museums on their basis with the aim of preserving and revealing their historical, cultural, scientific and artistic value is proposed. The author attempts to classify environmental museums. Due to the rapid changes in the modern world, the acute question of monument conservation arises. Using historical and cultural heritage is the object of attention of the international community, and conservation is one of the most important factors in the harmonious development of society, all its systems and subsystems. The need to preserve cultural heritage of humanity entails the intensification of modern museum functioning. Museums now refer to new forms of urban heritage conservation. The proposed research is devoted to the environmental museums, where attractions of urban development, most revealing elements of culture, are the main exhibits. Since the architecture is directly linked with the complex synthesis of culture and customs, the monument should not be shown by themselves, but in combination with other related works of material and spiritual culture. Such complexes and ensembles are impossible to perceive, taking each individual object. It is important to consider them in the context of their original appearance and existence. The whole region, where there are several nearby monuments of architecture or town planning, needed to be seen as the holistic museum. Today the trend is a combination of architectural, archaeological and landscape monuments within the protected zones. This means a shift from preservation of individual monuments to museumfication of entire urban complexes, restoration of cultural and historical environment of the past. It is much easier and more efficient to create historical, cultural and architectural reservation, organize museum-reserves based on monuments of architectural and urban planning. The number of newly established environmental museums significantly surpasses the number of traditional museums. Undoubtedly, in the next decade, this tendency will only increase. Creating environmental museums today is an effective means of preserving the material and spiritual values, which helps to represent cultural heritage to the public and properly interpret it. The environmental museum today is the best form to store different types of historical and cultural heritage of architectural and urban planning, as well as to attempt to classify museumficated objects, most of which are very different types of environmental museums. Unfortunately, the current socio-cultural situation in Ukraine is not conducive to the development of the museum network. The problem of inclusion of fallen monuments of architecture and urban planning to modern life remains unresolved.
Розвиток формотворення театральних будівель під впливом творчих конкурсних ідей 1920–1930-х років
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2016) Дудка, О. М.; Харківський національний університет міського господарства ім. О. М. Бекетова
Розглядаються еволюційні етапи розвитку форми театрів, розвиток вітчизняної театральної архітектури 1920–1930 рр. з визначенням місця і ролі творчих конкурсів та їхній вплив на формотворення театральних будівель. In the paper are considered the evolutionary stages of the theaters form development, the development of 1920–1930’s domestic theatrical architecture with the definition of the creative competitions’ place and role and their influence on the theater buildings formation. During a detailed analysis of the competitive architectural practice it have been revealed not only projects, but many text documents and rare periodicals editions, that covering the motives of choice. In the study of the competition activity development of the early twentieth century a comparative analysis of the competitive projects and corresponding texts is important in architectural process. It is therefore interesting to analyze the stages of theater buildings morphogenesis and to determine the impact of 1920-1930’s creative competitions on the further theater architecture development. Different types of public buildings have been evolved over the time both – quantitatively and qualitatively. Some of them have historical prototypes – others emerged in recent decades. Many of them constantly grew high in quality, and sometimes were quite different from their predecessors. But contemporary theater buildings have retained much in common with their ancient counterparts, when scene, prosсenium, box-seats and rows of seats have not been changed since the ancient times. Theatres are the oldest public buildings that exist in almost all nations. They first appeared in ancient Greece and had a huge size and unique acoustics. In the later Roman theater the unification of scene and viewing parts was happened. During the Middle Ages theatre almost disappeared. In the VII century theatrical performance was not a decree, but a theatrical action on a religious theme. At that time, the open areas of the court were used as the scene, and performances were opened to the public. The development of the spatial organization of theater in the new historical period (XVII–XIX) took place under the influence of Italian architecture with the introduction of the changes caused by development features of the action.Further development of the theater organization was active in theater architecture of France. The XIX-early XX development of society caused the emergence of a new type of theater, which was offset by rank distribution. In the early twentieth century was occurred the seeking of new forms of theater organization,that generated the synthetic theatre ideas – theatre with the transformation of the hall, stage etc. This resulted in the necessity to create fundamentally new approaches to theater architecture, which was not possible without generating new creative ideas, where architectural competitions are one of those forms. One of the most significant was the international competition for theater of mass musical action for 4000 spectators in Kharkiv. Although the theater building was not implemented, a huge part of this competition can not be overstated. Because all theatrical architecture of XX century was greatly influenced by creative ideas offered by participants in this contest. Architects of 1920–1930’s were actively engaged in conceptual ideas and have proposed new alternative method of architecture, trying to create a new reality.
Деструктивні та позитивні перспективи популярного образу ідеального міського житла
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2016) Франків, Р. Б.; Лисенко, О. Ю.; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
Розкрито проблему деструктивного потенціалу популярних уявлень про ідеал міського помешкання та розглянуто можливість його позитивної реалізації у формі мікроландшафтної житлової будівлі підвищеної поверховості. Urban history since the Industrial Revolution and the growth of urban population is actually a history of attempts to reconcile two conflicting principles: social attractiveness of a high people concentration in one place and personal desire to expand his own living space. The apparent inability to fill the entire urban fabric whith formation that meet these conditions was the cause of the social and pricing fragmentation, in which humanistic elements (recreational, green, public areas) could exist only on condition of compliance with legal prohibitions and restrictions designed to keep them from expansion commercial development. In a society with low adherence to law and therefore a violation of the prohibitions that restrict unruled development, the desire to get closer to the ideal of standard urban apartments leads to reduction of humanistic elements of urban fabric. Among the conceptual approaches dedicated to rethinking of optimal form of urban development can is the type of residential skyscraper that exists both in the traditional form of housing rise buildings, and in the form of experiments, combining it with various forms of self-sufficient vertical systems with a large number of spot planting and clusters landscaping. In the context of experiments with vertical self-sufficient landscape structures, we can talk about a new set of features that allows to start a new phase of research on sustainable urban living environment. The main starting position here are the following: a) wider demands of individualized personality to living environment (main factors here is to increase the time spent at home because of the spread of flexible mode of employment and, consequently, increasing requirements for functional and aesthetic diversity of design range premises) ; b) the social problem of isolation of the individual or family in vertical structures (main factors here is an attempt to restore traditional communal values, characteristic horizontal residential settlements and psychologically necessary for the normal individual or family); c) tendency to selfsufficient separate apartments, separated from the general urban system utilities (main factor here is the development of ecological energy sources and their adaptation to a particular individual user scale). As a result, we can talk about the actual process of rethinking the functional and spatial parameters of urban housing, and finding new ways to turn it on fabric of urban planning, the nature of which is also under changes. List of conventionally desirable characteristics of this new living environment might look like: a) creation (increase) of working space and adaptation to functional areas of the existing traditional set of rooms (eproximity to the kitchen or recreational area, distance from noise); b) increasing the co-host area for several home employed family members; c) creation of differentiated adjoining areas based on short-term and more frequent escape of nearby residents; d) expansion of individual and recreation space and zones without certain functions within a single apartment; e) development areas for individual energy systems and change of planning and spatial resolution of accommodation to the specifics of their operation. Given the above, it can be placed some of the parameters that should be inherent in high-rise residential building in conditions of Lviv region. Given the climatic conditions, which are characterized by the predominance of westerly winds and microclimate contrast between the northern and southern slopes, planning hypothesis is the formation of a stretched out along the axis of East-West structure, divided into three basic functional parts: a) living area (sleep, work , life); b) green zone (recreation, energy, leisure); c) communications area (general house-space, utilities, etc.) This structure makes expanding the traditional format of apartment components corresponding to the post-industrial way of life – adding micro-landscape zones and creating space for domestic employment. In addition, the composition and geometry of the main components corresponds to the optimal weight for this climate zone. A buffer zone protecting green residential zone of prevailing westerly winds, and the communication area separates it from the cold north. Stretched shape towards the East – West hover minimizes heating and maximizes natural insolation and heating. Further, detailed development of this structure is the subject of next investigations.
Роль комплексного підходу до інтеграції різночасової архітектури в історичне міське середовище
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2016) Запунна, Є. О.; Національний авіаційний університет
Розглянуто методологічні підходи до трансформації історичного урбанізованого середовища з метою узагальнення теоретичних знань та практичного досвіду про гармонійний містобудівний простір поселень з давньою історією. Здійснено систематизацію наукових джерел за принципами усебічного висвітлення способів співіснування різночасових компонентів міського оточення; проведено огляд факторів, які впливають на гармонізацію урбанізованого середовища; проаналізовано наукові праці, у яких розглядалися питання інтеграції історичної архітектури у сучасну тканину міста та вперше узагальнено практичний досвід зарубіжних країн щодо шляхів адаптації об’єктів архітектурних пам’яток до сучасних соціокультурних потреб. We have considered the methodological approaches to the transformation of the historic urban environment in order to generalize the theoretical knowledge and practical experience of harmonious urban space settlements with a long history. The cultural heritage of past eras creates a kind of information broadcasting channel influencing people that is enhanced or diminished depending on a number of qualitative characteristics of urban space. Thus, the problem of urban transformation is to emphasize the identity of the urban landscape while maintaining stylistic and proportional balance etc. The main difficulty is that there is no a single recipe as to how to make the historic urban landscape harmonious, functional and aesthetic at the same time to give a positive psychoemotional impression on people. The article describes the systematization of scientific sources on the principles of a comprehensive coverage of the ways of coexistence of different time components in urban environment; the list of factors affecting the harmonization of urban environment; the analysis of scientific works on the integration of historic architecture in a modern city; originally generalized experience of foreign countries in adapting architectural heritage to modern social and cultural needs. We have works dealing with theoretical problems of urban aesthetics and ways to improve it; carried out development of methodological foundations and practical approaches to solving problems of urban environment transformation, monuments reconstruction in the historic urban space; the works in which the understanding of the cultural heritage protection was expanded. Another focus of the study was to analyze the research papers on the issue of adapting historical heritage to modern conditions and coexistence of different time components in historic areas of cities, preservation of religious buildings and structures as well as the means of providing them with a “new” life. We have shown a number of successful, in our opinion, projects for incorporation of historical heritage centres in contemporary urban space: Church of St. Francesc convent in Santpedor, Art Museum in Malmo, Center of community life in Gonzaga, Mill City Museum, “St. Paraskeva” church in Nessebar etc. As a result of theoretical research analysis and practical experience on how to integrate different time architecture into modern urban space, the author found that approaches to integration of different time architecture in the urban environment greatly depend on the degree of preservation of historical heritage centres. Therefore, the comprehensive approach made it possible to specify the ways to revivify the valuable historical heritage centres in the urban environment, which differ both in the degree of modifications to be made and in their perceptual characteristics. The analysis of the aforementioned theoretical research and practical experience on how to integrate the different time architecture into the modern urban space also allowed to formulate the following: 1) different as to preservation level sites shall be integrated into urban environment in different ways: restoration with possible change of functional profile shall be used for maximum preservation; reconstruction with or without any change in functional profile as well as modernization with new construction elements shall be used for half-ruined sites; conservation of the existing conditions and/or arrangement of new social and cultural space integrating the remains of the sites into the newly created architectural form shall be used for ruins; 2) the domestic architectural theory and practice need new modern methods relating to resolving the issues of coexistence of different time architectural developments and transformation of the historic environment depending on its individual characteristics.
Особливості архітектури будівель Києво-Могилянської академії у період XVII–XX ст.
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2016) Стоцько, Р. З.; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
Висвітлено і проаналізовано особливості архітектури комплексу будівель Києво- Могилянської академії періоду XVII–XX ст. у контексті становлення і розвитку духовно- гуманітарної освіти в Україні та виокремлено основні чинники, які найбільше вплинули на формування архітектури духовних, навчальних, житлових, адміністративних і господарських будівель академії. The article highlights and analyzes the architectural peculiarities of the building complex of the National University of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy” in the XVII–XX century in the context of the formation and development of theological and humanitarian education in Ukraine. It outlines the key factors that have the most profound influence on the architectural formation of the theological, educational, residential, administrative and household buildings of the academy. The historical and architectural building complex of the National University of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy” emerged as a coherent ensemble in the XVI–XIX c. and together with the Ostroh Academy represented the most ancient and famous higher theological and humanitarian educational institutions in the Eastern Europe. Throughout its long history, the Ukrainian country did not have a more significant educational establishment, which would have a similar profound influence on the development of Ukrainian spirituality, science and culture. For centuries, the National University of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy” has been an important factor of the consciousness formation of the Ukrainian nation and a creator of the national inspiration in the fight for the parental faith and the independent state. The architectural and space-planning organization of the building complex of the National University of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy” depicts the influence of the range of factors. The first one is the spiritual factor. The academy as a theological and educational formation arose on the walls of the Fraternal Monastery and its dominant feature was the Epiphany Cathedral surrounded by the complex of spiritual, educational and household buildings. The second factor can be defined as educational and functional one. This particular factor was major in terms of locating educational and administrative buildings, residential campuses, kitchens, dining room and household buildings and shaped their planning and stylistic peculiarities. The next factor is city-planning, because the building complex of the National University of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy” is situated in the center of Kyiv and forms the square (known today as the Contract Square). It constitutes the most important feature of the urban space. The natural and climatic factor is the fourth factor, which was involved into the architectural formation of the “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy” buildings (roof shapes, wall thickness, window sizes, etc.). The fifth factor, which is called constructive, influenced the usage of such local building materials as stone, wood and rooftops, as well as the implementation of the construction schemes of temples, educational campuses, residential and civil buildings, which were traditional for Kyiv and its suburbs. The sixth factor is the factor of artistic and stylistic decoration, which defined the space-planning organization and stylization of the architectural image of the temple, educational, administrative, residential and household buildings of the National University of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy”. During the years of reconstruction and reorganization of the FraternalMonastery buildings and later on the “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy” the above mentioned factors outlined the architectural and space-planning organization, as well as the artistic stylization of the buildings of the analyzed theological and humanitarian educational complex. The research of the building complex architecture witnessed in the XVII–XX centuries allows referring the proclaimed higher educational institution to the category of theological and humanitarian establishments. The peculiarities of the learning process and the functionality of the academy buildings reveal the inextricable connection of the theological and humanitarian education and the study of natural science. The combination of theological and material knowledge forms the solid educational background and becomes a brilliant starting point for the future professional life of the “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy” graduates, who are true Christians and patriots of their land.
У міському просторі: життя і діяльність професора Б. С. Посацького
(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2016) Петришин, Г. П.; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
Окреслено основні життєві віхи професора Б. С. Посацького та становлення його як видатної науково-педагогічної особистості. Оцінено його внесок у розвиток урбаністичної наукової теорії та науково-методичний доробок. Вказано роль професора Б. С. Посацького у формуванні наукової думки та практичної діяльності на розвиток міського простору. Bogdan Posatskyy was born in Rzeszów on June 19, 1942. In June, 1946, after the World War II, he and his family moved to the Lviv city. In 1959 Bogdan Posatskyy finished the high school № 8 and entered the Lviv Polytechnic Institute. In 1961 in Lviv Polytechnic Institute the full-time education and specialty “architecture” at the department of architectural design (then still a part of Engineering and Building Department) was restored. Architecture students were involved in the design of the new Polytechnic objects at Student Design Bureau (SDB). At this time the first educational building and new generation of student dormitories were intensively designed under the guidance of Professor O. I. Selastelnikov and Ptof. V. D. Sydorenko. In September, 1965, after graduation from Lviv Polytechnic Institute, Bogdan Posatskyy started to work as an architect in Lviv’s affiliate of the Ukrainian Research and Design Institute of Agriculture under the guidance of an experienced architect A. I. Bahmatova, who was the graduate of Leningrad Academy of Arts. They were engaged in design of objects which had to supplement preferable the existing historically formed urban fabric of the city. In 1967 he entered the graduate school of Lviv Polytechnic Institute and defended his PhD thesis titled “Historical and architectural complexex in ensemble solving of modern cities (on example of the socialistic reconstruction of small and medium sized cities in the western regions of the USSR)”, under the guidance of PhD. A. M. Rudnuckyy. In 1972 he defended his PhD thesis in Vilnius Civil Engineering Institute. From 1970 Bogdan Posatskyy began his scientific and pedagogical work as assistant of architectural design department, which was the part of EBD. The Architectural Department at Lviv Polytechnic Institute was renewed in 1971, at the same time with Urban Planning Department. At the Urban Planning Department Posatskyy Bogdan went from assistant (1971–1975 years.), senior lecturer (1975–1978 years), associate professor (1978–1993 years.) to professor in 1993. In 2003 he was awarded the academic status: the professor of urban planning department. In 1972 Bogdan Posatskyy was admitted to the National Union of Architects of Ukraine. While working at the Urban Planning Department, Bogdan Posatskyy is constantly engaged in the scientific study of the problems of historical cities urban planning reconstruction of the western region, and highlights his vision in numerous articles and presentations at scientific conferences. In 1982 the associate professor Bogdan Posatskyy was elected as the Chair of Urban Planning Department and re-elected to this post in 1987. During the 1980 and early 1990s, the department staff was working on the state budget scientific theme “The problems of integrated management of the urban environment, the formation of urban development, planning and construction of residential and industrial areas.” At the same time in the 1986-1990 under the leadership of Bogdan Posatskyy the department had performed a complex target program of Ministry of Education of the USSR “Integrated development planning, development and improvement of the city”. The Department intensified its efforts with scientific personnel training. Under the direction of Bogdan Posatskyy the following PhD thesises were defended: I. Ya. Chernyak – “Architectural and planning organization of rural agricultural enterprises (on the example of the western region of the USSR)", graduate student from Syria M. Z. Malla – “Architecture and planning reconstruction of historical destricts of the largest Syria’s cities.”, in 2005 H. R. Kharchuk defended her thesis titled: “Formation of Truskavets architecture in the XIX – early XX century (on the example of resort buildings)”. From 1983–1989 at the Urban Planning Department the Research laboratory № 17 was acting under the scientific and methodological guidance of Bogdan Posatskyy. It performed the economic-contractual scientific themes commissioned by institutions and organizations. Bogdan Posatskyy understood the traditions of Lviv architectural school, which has always been known for advanced methods of teaching and he also was aware of the need to teach students in their native language. At the end of 1970 Bogdan Posatskyy begins to write and publicate the methodological literature, the most important one is tutorial “Urban Bases” wich was republished few times and won the recognition of educators and architects of ukrainian universities. The recognition of his outstanding contributions to Ukrainian architectural architectural education and science has been reflected in his election in 1994 as corresponding member of the Ukrainian Academy of Architecture. During the last decades he is considering a scientific problem of the mutual influence and the overall development of culture and urban structures of the second half of XX century in Western Ukraine. Certain steps of his work were published, particularly, in the Notes of the Shevchenko Scientific Society. The theoretical understanding of problem of the urban space and cultural phenomena interaction was highligheted in the following book: “The City Space and Urban Culture (at the turn of XX–XXI century), Lviv, 2007 and the fundamental collective monograph: “The architecture of Lviv city. “Time and style XIII–XXI c.”, Lviv, 2008. In 2011 Bogdan Posatskyy was honored by his election as a Fellow of the Shevchenko Scientific Society in Architecture and Urban Planning Commission, because of his important and multifaceted contributions into the development of Ukrainian architectural science. After the proclamation of the Ukrainian independence, Bogdan Posatskyy was one of the first who started to cooperate with colleagues from architectural schools of Poland. From 1995 he is a member of the International Society of urban planning (UK). Since student years Bohdan Posatskyy has been involved in the architecture and landscape photography. Numerous official delegations and guests who have been visiting Lviv Polytechnic have been getting acquainted with the architecture of the main building of historical and architectural heritage and modernity of the city through the lectures and excursions of Bogdan Posatskyy. In 2016 for significant personal achievements in the development of independent Ukraine, Posatskyy Bogdan Stepanovych – Professor of Urban Planning Department of the Institute of Architecture of the Lviv Polytechnic National University was awarded by the President of Ukraine – with the anniversary medal “25 years of independence of Ukraine”.