Архітектура. – 2016. – №856

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://ena.lpnu.ua/handle/ntb/39985

Вісник Національного університету "Львівська політехніка"

У збірнику наукових праць опубліковано результати науково-дослідних робіт професорсько-викладацького складу Інституту архітектури Національного університету “Львівська політехніка”, а також архітектурних шкіл інших вищих навчальних закладів. У публікаціях розглянуто актуальні проблеми теорії та практики у галузі архітектури, містобудування і дизайну. Для студентів, аспірантів, докторантів, наукових, науково-педагогічних працівників та спеціалістів, які працюють у галузі архітектури.

Вісник Національного університету "Львівська політехніка". Серія: Архітектура : збірник наукових праць / Міністерство освіти і науки України, Національний університет "Львівська політехніка ; голова редакційно-видавничої ради Н. І. Чухрай. – Львів : Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2016. – № 856. – 243 с. : іл.

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    Палацовий комплекс у с. Самчиках Хмельницької обл. – приклад класицистичної європейської архітектури кінця XVIII – початку XIX ст.
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2016) Погранична, І. І.; Palace and park complex in Samchiki village, Khmelnitsky regione – example of classic european architecture in the end of XVIII – the first half of XIX century
    Охарактеризовано архітектурні особливості та етапи розвитку палацового комплексу у с. Самчики Хмельницької обл. Встановлено, що палацові комплекси були центральною композиційною домінантою у структурі села. Проте з розвитком поселення та недоцільним функціональним використанням палацового комплексу руйнується архітектурний образ пам’ятки та поселення загалом. Науково обґрунтовані рекомендації щодо збереження та реставрації історичної забудови класицистичних резиденцій допоможуть зберегти унікальні складові історико-культурної спадщини України. The article describes the architectural characteristics and stages of development of palace complex in the Samchiki village Khmelnitsky region. Stated, that palace complexes were central composition in the village’s structure. The high architectural and artistic level of buildings – elements of ensembles was reached through participation in their designing and decorating the most recognized and talented architects and painters of this time. One of them is the famous Polish architect Jakub Kubicky, who built a palace for Tadeusz Chatsky in Kremenets in 1805, for Peter Chechel in Samchiki during 1795–1805, for Marcin Tarnavski in Berezhtsi and others. The palace complex in the Samchiki village is very interesting. One of the characteristic features of the classic art of palace building, which is clearly reflected in the Samchiki farmstead is complexity and stylistic integrity of the entire area as a whole, when the main building is in harmony with annexes, outhouses and park surroundings. The palace complex has experienced several stages of formation and development, including: First period: beginning of the XVIII century – laying of the first buildings and a small park; Second period: XVIII - the beginning of XIX century – construction of classic architectural ensemble (architect Jakub Kubicky) and planning of the landscape of the park and gardens; Third period: the XIX century – adding a thorn hedge and laying regular park. Over the years, there were numerous alterations and extensions. However, if in the pre-revolutionary times, restructuring and redevelopment of the estate were made with the needs of owners, from the second part of the XX century all buildings without exception stylistic features and formed plan of the park, and sometimes with destruction of historic buildings, which was because of change their functionality. It happened with existing greenhouses and “garden in the walls.” Greenhouses were destroyed in their place were built a greenhouses, garages and research station. So-called “Garden in walls” was turned into a warehouse of building materials. On the territory of estate the kindergarten, research station, boiler, houses and hospital were built. The architecture not only meets the historic environment, but in general has no sign of style. Those buildings classified as dissonant buildings. Thus, the palace and park complex is part of a unique historical and architectural heritage of settlements and their stylistic and aesthetic characteristics help to preserve the authentic image of the settlements of regional and international tourism. This indicates that it is necessary to identify, consider and value popularization palace complexes in the formation of settlements. Now, there are not the best days of palace and park complex. Palace, gate, fencing and ancillary buildings need restoration and park - a radical upgrade, possibly laying the new. Nowadays, it is necessary to carry out not only restoration work, but also the reconstruction of three-dimensional structure of the palace and park complex, which is aimed to restore the whole image.
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    До питання нормування сільської садиби
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2016) Гнесь, Л. Б.; Національний університет “Львівська політехніка”
    Розглядаються закономірності і тенденції нормування сільської садиби в Україні, залежно від соціально-економічних трансформацій суспільства, що відбувались в ХХ–ХХІ ст. Висвітлюються актуальні проблеми розпланування села в епоху ринкових відносин, обґрунтовуються пропозиції щодо оновлення містобудівних проектних норм ДБН 360-92** “Містобудування. Планування і забудова міських і сільських поселень” стосовно розпланування сельбищних територій сільських поселень. The article raises the issues of updating of urban design standards DBN 360-92** “Urban design. Town and Village Planning” in the part of residential areas planning of a Ukrainian village and a farmstead as the basic structural unit that forms these residential areas. It has been revealed that the project of new town planning standards do not consider the fact of radical changes in the social and economic structures of the country, it has not been taken into consideration that there was a transition to a market economy, that the land and administrative and territorial reforms were made, that Ukraine has joined the WTO and headed for EU integration and also other innovations. However, the planning of rural ares is still being proposed to base on outdated socialist approaches which were grounded on the ideological postulates entirely oriented towards collective forms of agriculture and which did not take a villager as a farm owner but, in fact, destroyed the sence of being an owner. Therefore, for a more complete understanding of how to develop new urban design standards it is important to track regularities of evolution of formation in Ukraine of traditional rural buildings, farmsteads, streets and also standards features of rural development and farmsteads particularly in XIX–XX centuries in different social and economic formations (Russian, Austro-Hungarian building standards and regulations in XVIII–XIX centuries, Soviet standards in the twentieth century). It was established that during the NEP, when 98 % of farms were individual homesteads, area norms (0.35 hectares) and estates parameters met the needs of a household maintaining and mainly followed the tradition of international standardization. Retrospective of socialist standardization of farmstead development during collectivization (from 30th to 80th years of XX century) in Ukraine showed a gradual reduction of a farmstead area (up to 0,12–0,08 hectares) and parameters. Such areas and parameters minimization of farmsteads made impossible doing of traditional expended household and actually resulted in the destroying of a strong Ukrainian owner, which was a goal of socialist ideology, indeed. Then, during the next two or three generations Ukrainian village lost its identity as a formation which combined functions for dwelling and agricultural production. In fact, nowadays a village is transformed into a cottage sleeping settlement, in which features of agricultural production no more exist or they are within the limits of old generation enthusiasm. This situation leads to breaking of traditions and farming culture, lack of work in countryside, which in its turn leads to alcoholism, migration of young people to cities and finaly – to further degradation of a village. In conclusions there are amendments to the new design standards “Urban design. Town and Village Planning” which would encourage designers to create such planning solution that would provide two main functions in a rural settlement – dwelling and agricultural production (and not only agricultural), and also stimulate creation and development of extended services like social and consumer services, recreation, farm tourism which could be formed on the basis of self-organization of rural communities and business activity of local people.