Відповідальне поводження з твердими побутовими відходами: парадигми та контраверсії
Date
2017-06-20
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Видавництво Львівської політехніки
Abstract
Обґрунтовано доцільність відповідального поводження з твердими побутовими
відходами (ТПВ) через призму екологічної свідомості, екологічної позиції та екологічної
поведінки, проаналізовано проект Національної стратегії поводження з відходами,
викладено європейський досвід поводження з твердими побутовими відходами,
запропоновано способи вирішення проблеми для вітчизняної практики. Визначено
складові політики відповідального поводження з ТПВ, а саме заходи дематеріалізації;
дослідження та виховання екологічної свідомості громадян та підприємців; прийняття
відповідних державних нормативно-правових актів; поширення прикладів
відповідального поводження з ТПВ громадян, муніципалітетів, органів самоврядування
тощо; пропагування та стимулювання розширеної відповідальності бізнесу за відходи.
The necessity of responsible SWM is explained through the lens of environmental awareness, environmental attitudes and ecological behavior, the project of National Strategy of SWM is assessed, European experience of SWM is outlined, solutions of problems for local practices are proposed. The basic problems of the current system of waste management are outlined: lack of a comprehensive approach; poorly developed inter-municipal cooperation, which creates an imbalance between the authorities in favor of more urbanized cities and settlements; low coverage of services of the solid waste, especially in countryside; the significant role of the informal sector in the field of solid waste management, which hinders the development of the official market; a large number of landfills in almost every locality that do not meet environmental standards and prevalence of unauthorized scrap heaps; low rates for dumping waste that do not encourage separate collection and sorting. The following topics were determined: the components of SWM, including activities of dematerialization; research and education of environmental awareness of citizens and entrepreneurs; appropriate state regulatory acts; dissemination of SWM examples by citizens, municipalities, governments, etc; promoting and encouraging the expanded responsibility for the waste. Adduced the description of the term “dematerialization”, which focuses on reducing specific material costs – gross per unit, which potentially reduces the base of forming waste and less production during some time in situation when there is extended life of the products and there is more cost-effective the repair, restoration, modernization of the product than the replacement of product.It was found that the presence of environmental awareness in all members of solid waste sphere generates the pro-environmental concessions, which attributed as soft factors of influence for establishment of civilized policy of SWM. Presented the semantic model of waste cycle, that provides the cyclical phases: identification of potential waste that occurs in the process of product design, design of technological process, design of supply chain, design of reverse supply chain; dematerialization of waste that occurs in the process of production and consumption, that means less waste generation and longer using of tools that are potential elements of solid waste; consumer waste behavior/behavior of proven products, which provides repeated (frequentative) use of packaging, its useful recycling and disposal (obtaining of raw materials, fertilizers, energy); the phase of effective return / recovery the value of the resource, which is contained in the waste, and reuse it in the previous phases or its commercial sale.
The necessity of responsible SWM is explained through the lens of environmental awareness, environmental attitudes and ecological behavior, the project of National Strategy of SWM is assessed, European experience of SWM is outlined, solutions of problems for local practices are proposed. The basic problems of the current system of waste management are outlined: lack of a comprehensive approach; poorly developed inter-municipal cooperation, which creates an imbalance between the authorities in favor of more urbanized cities and settlements; low coverage of services of the solid waste, especially in countryside; the significant role of the informal sector in the field of solid waste management, which hinders the development of the official market; a large number of landfills in almost every locality that do not meet environmental standards and prevalence of unauthorized scrap heaps; low rates for dumping waste that do not encourage separate collection and sorting. The following topics were determined: the components of SWM, including activities of dematerialization; research and education of environmental awareness of citizens and entrepreneurs; appropriate state regulatory acts; dissemination of SWM examples by citizens, municipalities, governments, etc; promoting and encouraging the expanded responsibility for the waste. Adduced the description of the term “dematerialization”, which focuses on reducing specific material costs – gross per unit, which potentially reduces the base of forming waste and less production during some time in situation when there is extended life of the products and there is more cost-effective the repair, restoration, modernization of the product than the replacement of product.It was found that the presence of environmental awareness in all members of solid waste sphere generates the pro-environmental concessions, which attributed as soft factors of influence for establishment of civilized policy of SWM. Presented the semantic model of waste cycle, that provides the cyclical phases: identification of potential waste that occurs in the process of product design, design of technological process, design of supply chain, design of reverse supply chain; dematerialization of waste that occurs in the process of production and consumption, that means less waste generation and longer using of tools that are potential elements of solid waste; consumer waste behavior/behavior of proven products, which provides repeated (frequentative) use of packaging, its useful recycling and disposal (obtaining of raw materials, fertilizers, energy); the phase of effective return / recovery the value of the resource, which is contained in the waste, and reuse it in the previous phases or its commercial sale.
Description
Keywords
концепція управління твердими побутовими відходами (ТПВ), відповідальне поводження з ТПВ, європейський досвід поводження з ТПВ, екологічна свідомість, екологічна позиція, екологічна поведінка, concept of solid waste management (SWM), responsibility in SWM, еuropean experience of solid waste management, environmental awareness, environmental attitude, environmental behavior
Citation
Крикавський Є. В. Відповідальне поводження з твердими побутовими відходами: парадигми та контраверсії / Є. В. Крикавський, О. С. Костюк, О. Є. Шандрівська // Вісник Національного університету «Львівська політехніка». Серія: Логістика. — Львів : Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2017. — № 863. — С. 101–109.