Менеджмент та підприємництво в Україні: етапи становлення і проблеми розвитку. – 2015. – №835

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https://ena.lpnu.ua/handle/ntb/33779

Вісник Національного університету "Львівська політехніка"

До збірника науково-прикладних праць “Менеджмент та підприємництво в України: етапи становлення і проблеми розвитку” увійшли статті, які відображають проблеми менеджменту, підприємництва, інвестиційної та інноваційної діяльності, управління національною економікою України тощо. Для працівників підприємств, банків, інвестиційних та інноваційних структур, органів державного управління, викладачів вищих навчальних закладів, науковців, аспірантів та студентів економічних спеціальностей.

Вісник Національного університету "Львівська політехніка". Серія: Менеджмент та підприємництво в Україні: етапи становлення і проблеми розвитку : збірник наукових праць / Міністерство освіти і науки України, Національний університет "Львівська політехніка" ; голова редакційно-видавничої ради Н. І. Чухрай. – Львів : Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015. – № 835. – 331с. : іл.

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    Механізм державного управління “зеленою” національною економікою
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Бублик, М. І.
    Розглядаються нові напрями державного управління екологічною політикою та політикою “зеленої” економіки в Україні та світі з метою зменшення обсягів техногенних збитків у національному господарстві пропонується метод вибору цільових програм, проектів та заходів щодо зменшення техногенної шкоди, відповідно до обсягу доступного фінансування. In the article new directions of state governance of environmental policy and “green” economy are examined in Ukraine and the world, in order to reduce the volume of technogenic losses in the national economy going is offered a method for selection of targeted programs, projects or activities to reduce man-made damage in accordance with the amount of funding available. Solving these problems involves not only creating a favorable environment for greening production and implementation of the policy of “green” economy, but also the formation of new government regulation of technogenic (man-made) damages at the macro level. The problem of construction of method of choice system of state regulation of man-made damages at the macro level has particular relevance. Based on our research and the obtained results, we recommend to include the method of choice system of state regulation of man-made damage into the mechanism of their state regulation as part of the system. The proposed method with the methods of management of all resources and information flows at national level will improve the effectiveness of state regulation. The method of selecting that type of system of state regulation of production technogenic load, which will give opportunity to minimize man-made damage and set up effective measures to reduce pollution, improve health and life expectancy has been developed at the level of the national economy. Thus, the introduction of the proposed method of choice system of state regulation of man-made damage taking into account features clusters of economic activities into the mechanism of their state regulation make it possible to significantly increase the effectiveness of management decisions on the development of the national economy, modernizing the structure of its economic activity and reconstruction of industrial objects of potential manmade threat to the environment and society to improve the quality of life and improve the environment.
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    Теорія і практика трансформаційних процесів економіки України в умовах сучасних викликів
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Скорик, Г. І.; Барінов, В. В.
    Проаналізовано поточні тенденції розвитку економіки України, показано взаємозв’язок економічної кризи та економічної політики в Україні із кризою економічної науки; підкреслено, що результати реформування економіки України, масове зубожіння населення, безробіття багато у чому зумовлені ігноруванням реального стану економіки країни, сліпим копіюванням рекомендацій західних експертів і недооцінкою державного регулювання. Звернено увагу на те, що, незважаючи на певні переваги неоліберального підходу щодо розбудови економіки, він призвів до багатьох негативних соціально-економічних наслідків як у світі, так і в Україні. Підкреслено, що на зміну концепцій, що мінімізують роль держави в економіці, повинно прийти розуміння комплементарності ринку і держави. The current tendencies of economic growth in Ukraine are analysed with the correlation of the economic crisis and economic policy in Ukraine with economics crisis being showed; it was emphasized that the outcomes of Ukraine’s economy restructuring are in many respects predetermined by the neglect of the real state of the national economy, by blind imitation of western experts’ recommendations and the underestimation of the state regulation. The implementation of liberalism policy, taken blindly and without restrictions in Ukraine proved to bring about not the prosperity but mass impoverishment of population, unemployment, which forced a considerable share of population to leave the country in search for better life and causes the deepening of inequality in incomes and wealth. It was emphasized that regardless of some benefits of neoliberal approach concerning economic development, it caused а variety of negative social-economic circumstances as in the world, so in Ukraine. It was accentuated, that only those development strategy and economic policy can be effective that come from proper economic theory, based on which better future can be built. Its main features are recession from any dogmatism, from blind conformity to any ideology or policy line; toolkit flexibility, opened for all-round search for preventive tools, used for specific situation. The supporters of liberal economy must admit the necessity of extensive government intervention in economy functioning, particularly in crisis environment. Government regulation of economic life should have systematic manner, and the reforms should be implemented complexly in all directions of economic policy, in sectors of economy, regions and population. In order to overcome the crisis effects it’s mostly important that the applied measures meet the standards of law and legality, equal rights and responsibility of economic agents. It was pointed out, that government regulation should secure the maximum of economic freedom of enterprises on the basis of simplification and liberalization of legislation, bureaucratic procedure, improvement and simplification of tax system and possibly the liquidation of customs duties on imports of technologies, patents, modern equipment, which will attract the investment in the country and facilitate the positive dynamics of production in Ukraine.
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    Пріоритети державної політики регулювання доходів населення
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Сенів, Л. А.
    Наведено основні пріоритети державної політики регулювання доходів населення України. Проаналізовано регулювання системи оплати праці та особливості здійснення індексації доходів в Україні, цілі яких повинні бути направлені на підвищення рівня добробуту населення. Здійснено порівняння мінімальної заробітної плати населення України та багатьох країн Європейського Співтовариства. Запропоновано заходи для забезпечення зростання доходів населення України у сучасних кризових умовах. In the article the main public policy priorities of population incomes regulation in Ukraine are discussed. The state policy of population incomes regulation is analyzed by means of payment system regulation and particularities of the fulfilment of incomes indexation in Ukraine, the goals of which should be directed to raising the population welfare. It was investigated, that the payment system involves the fixing of minimum wages, payment standards and guarantees, terms and rates of wages in the institutions and organizations, that are funded from government and also the regulation of payment funds of entrepreneursmonopolists. It was also proved that state policy of population incomes regulation in the field of payment system first and foremost should be directed at: reformation of payment system towards the pay rise and fundamental changes of production cost structure; labor cost rise in terms of the increase of payment expenditures share in the production cost; the development and implementation of measures, taken by state bodies, that will be aimed at motivation enhancement for highly efficient work, which will result in the payment rise; the reduction of unreasonably immoderate inter-branch payment differentiation, which will provide with essential increase of salaries in the sectors and will ensure scientific and technological advance, which in return will economically and financially improve the enterprises performance in these sectors; fulfilment of the complex of legal, organizational-economic actions aimed to legalize the hidden population incomes. The minimum wage and the poverty line were observed with the comparison of the minimum wages between Ukraine and some European countries being made. It was proved that the size of minimum wage and the poverty line have to be regularly increased considering the real inflation in the country, which will provide with the social safety net for society members, covering the minimum incomes, and also will set the minimal requirements for the effectiveness enhancement of national economy. The measures for the ensuring population incomes rise in Ukraine in the present crisis environment were suggested. In particular, the passage in the revised edition of President’s decree “On the main orientations of policy concerning the money incomes of population”, where there will be reflected the courses for solutions of the problems, which emerged during 2014-2015 and resulted in substantial reduction of incomes rate of population. It was proved that in the mentioned above document it’s necessary to envisage the system of compensating measures and state guarantees concerning the prevention of population impoverishment, to provide organizational-economic conditions for the implementation of the policy concerning money incomes of population in the crisis environment. It was researched, that one of the document’s component should be the periodization of complex reforms in the field of legalization of population hidden incomes, reformation of payment system towards labor compensation rate rise, taxation of incomes, its monitoring and control, labor law compliance control enhancement, prompt payments of wages. It was proved that the state policy priorities of incomes of Ukraine’s population regulation in the modern crisis environment should become the payment system regulation by means of using such instrument as the minimum wage and incomes indexation of population in Ukraine based on current inflation rate variable. It was determined, that the public policy priorities of population incomes regulation should not only be socially oriented, but be vectorially aimed at reaching European social standards and correspond to the overall economic and social strategy of Ukraine.
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    Особливості сучасних інституціональних перетворень економіки України
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Поченчук, Г. М.
    Розглянуто теоретичні підвалини інституціональних змін економічних систем, класифікацію основних концептуальних підходів. Визначено особливості реформування інституціональної структури національної економіки та сучасні умови інституціональних перетворень в Україні. Проведене дослідження дало можливість визначити чинники, які потрібно враховувати у подальшому під час відновлення дієвості створених та формування нових інститутів економіки. In the article the theoretical foundations of institutional changes in economic systems are considered. The review of the main approaches to understanding the concept of “institution” is made. The author justifies in extricable link between institution and social interaction, as well as considering the classification of the main conceptual approaches to explain the reasons and motives of institutional changes in economic systems. Levels and ways of institutional changes are analyzed. It is determined that institutions cannot only exchange structure, reduce transaction costs, and also increase them, reduce, but increase the cost of ownership specification. Thus, such things like a dysfunction of institutions are possible phenomena. Features of reforming the institutional structure of the national economy and the current conditions of institutional reforms in Ukraine are defined. Transformational economy implies a radical change in key economic institutions and the formation of a new institutional structure of the economy. In Ukraine as soon as possible most part of the system of institutions that determined the behavior of social and economic agents in the country was eliminated. But there was an institutional framework that prevents full advantage of the expanded market order as the most effective way of economic coordination. The research made it possible to identify the factors that should be considered further in the recovery efficiency created by the formation of new institutions and the economy.
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    Забезпечення продовольчої безпеки за допомогою створення центрів розвитку регіону
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Нікішин, Є. В.
    Розглянуті основи побудови продовольчої безпеки регіону за допомогою формування “каталітичних” центрів розвитку, що створюються на основі принципу “субсидіарності”. Показана необхідність формування центрів для забезпечення продовольчої безпеки у сучасних економічних умовах. Визначено проблеми, які виникнуть перед Україною після підписання ЄС договору про трансатлантичне партнерство, торгівлю та інвестиції. Обґрунтовано актуальність організації захисту регіонального ринку в умовах інтеграційних процесів. Виявлено завдання та шляхи створення і стійкої роботи каталітичних центрів розвитку. Одним із завдань є визначення основних принципів контролю продовольчої безпеки, концептуально побудованих на принципах раціоналізації та оптимізації використання потенціалу регіонів. The article is devoted to the basics of building a system of food security in the region by forming a “catalytic” development centers. Developed a model of regional development based on the concept of growth poles on the principle of “subsidiarity”. The centers of development should be preferred and effective way to address food security and development of the region. This model is largely should contribute to the solution of complex of socio-economic problems in the region. The article carried the conceptualization and analysis of the role of the leading agricultural enterprises in the creation of food security in the region and the country. There are defined a policy framework of strengthening the productive potential of enterprises and their transformation into development centers. The concept of development centers is the theory of open-driven trade policy. On the basis of this concept examined the basic directions of transformation of enterprises in the centers of development of the region. Author shows peculiarities of the use of natural, financial, technological and human resources to build development centers. The author examines problems that typically arise during the formation of centers of development. The main purpose of the construction of the system is to create sustainable social and economic development of the region. Are listed the threats and risks that arise for Ukraine as a result of the signing of the contract of Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership. The conclusion is drawn that Ukraine should take measures to protect the economic and food security at the national and regional levels. The analysis of the problems shows that food security is provided by a complex interaction of state bodies, businesses, financial institutions, regional and sub regional levels with the rational use of all available resources. The strategy of interaction built within the framework of the fundamentally new concept, which is based on the principle of subsidiarity. The strategy of interaction requires the creation of the basic principles of the system of control of food security in the region. The author believes that the economic security of the region should be based on the principle of subsidiarity, which is the basis for the strategy of development of advanced enterprises, which are catalytic centers of development of the region. Politics of protectionism of the agricultural sector will contribute to the protection and development of the domestic food market, the creation of a single economic space, the establishment of intra- and inter-regional communications, system integration in external markets, achieving a high level of food security in the region and the country as a whole. Common agricultural policy and the creation of catalytic centers of development will contribute to the achievement of food security in the region.
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    Актуальні проблеми інтеграції фінансового ринку України у світовий ринок
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Кондрат, І. Ю.; Сокіл, Ю. Р.
    Описано прояви процесів глобалізації на світовому фінансовому ринку та розглянуто можливості та загрози їх впливу на фінансовий ринок України. Кожна із проблем підкріплена конкретними показниками діяльності вітчизняного фінансового ринку протягом 2008–2014 рр. Шляхом розрахунку середніх геометричних величин досліджено динаміку основних показників розвитку банківського сектору, страхового ринку та недержавного пенсійного забезпечення. Охарактеризовано сучасну практику функціонування страхових компаній на фінансовому ринку як інвесторів. Систематизовано проблеми, які гальмують інтегрування фінансового ринку України у світовий. Особлива увага приділена тенденціям розвитку фондового ринку. Визначено особливості здійснення в Україні операцій з похідними цінними паперами. Розглянуто проблеми, що виникають в результаті неконтрольованого обігу цінних паперів, зокрема, в результаті активного інвестування в них банківськими установами. Описано можливі варіанти удосконалення роботи фондового ринку України та розвитку фінансових кластерів, зокрема, механізми їх організації та переваги для реального сектору економіки через залучення додаткових обсягів інвестицій та розвиток трансферу технологій, здійснення фінансового лізингу. Визначено міста, у яких найкраще реалізовувати пілотні проекти щодо розвитку як національних, так і транскордонних фінансових кластерів. Запропоновано заходи для подолання наявних на фінансовому ринку проблем з погляду можливостей його міжнародного конкурентного зростання. The article describes the manifestations of globalization processes on the world financial markets and considers the opportunities and threats of their impact on the financial market of Ukraine. The problems of modern financial market of Ukraine, in particular, its discrete and disproportionate nature, the lack of effective legislation regarding prudential supervision and regulation systems of non-banking financial sector, the devaluation of the national currency, accelerating inflation processes, the deterioration of quality of bank’s loan portfolios caused by the negative impact of the military-political crisis, are highlighted. Each of the discussed problems is backed by concrete indicators of financial market of Ukraine during the 2008- 2014. By calculating the average geometric quantities the dynamics of the main indicators of development of the banking sector (total assets, loans, capital, liabilities of banks, the result of the activity), the insurance market (gross premiums, gross insurance premiums, paid for reinsurance, total assets of insurers, the volume of formed insurance reserves) and the nonstate pension provision (total value of assets of private pension funds, total contributions from individuals, entrepreneurs, legal entities, pension payments, the amount of investment income, expenses reimbursed at the expense of pension assets) in Ukraine during 2008-2014 are investigated. The modern practices of the insurance companies in terms of their participation in the financial market as investors are characterized. The special attention is paid to the problems of the functioning of the stock market, as an institution, which is the least developed. The problems that hinder integration of the financial market of Ukraine in the global financial market are systematized. The peculiarities of operations with derivative securities in Ukraine are depicted. The problems resulting from uncontrolled circulation of securities in particular, as a result of active investment banking institutions, are reviewed. The possible options of improvement of the Ukraine’s stock market performance and the development of financial clusters, in particular, the mechanisms of their organization and benefit from their development to the real economy through the attraction of additional volumes of investments and development of technology transfer, the implementation of financial leasing, are described. The cities which are the best to implement pilot projects for the development of both national and cross-border financial clusters are defined. Taking into account the world’s best practices benefits of industrial and financial groups for the growth of the real sector of Ukraine’s economy and financial market development are defined. The measures to overcome the existing financial market issues from the point of view of possibilities of its international competitive growth are proposed.
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    Розвиток України у контексті загальносвітових підходів до вирішення проблеми глобального потепління
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Іличок, Б. І.
    Дослідження розглядає проблему глобального потепління, спричиненого зростанням концентрації в атмосфері парникових газів. Вирішення цієї проблеми як в Україні, так і в глобальному масштабі, полягає у зменшенні викидів та збільшенні поглиначів парникових газів. Через зменшення вирубки і додаткове насадження лісів можна частково в природний спосіб знизити антропогенний тиск на клімат планети. Зменшення викидів парникових газів за рахунок впровадження екологічно чистих технологій, підвищення ефективності використання енергоресурсів, а також застосування альтернативних (поновлюваних) джерел енергії спроможне істотно вплинути на тенденцію зміни клімату. Досліджено питання про стан виконання Україною її зобов’язань за Рамковою Конвенцією ООН про зміну клімату щодо зменшення викидів в атмосферу парникових газів, зокрема діоксиду вуглецю. Запропоновано збільшити в Україні обсяги інвестування програм щодо зменшення антропогенного впливу парникових газів на клімат за рахунок збільшення вдвічі сьогодні чинних ставок податку за викиди в атмосферне повітря парникових газів. The study deals with the problem of global warming caused by rising concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Vyschenavenoyi way to solve problems in Ukraine and globally is to reduce emissions and increase sinks of greenhouse gases. A further reduction of deforestation and reforestation may be partly a natural way to reduce human pressure on the planet’s climate. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions through the introduction of environmentally friendly technologies, increase energy efficiency and use of alternative (renewable) energy sources able to significantly affect the trend of climate change. These issues are already more than 20 years is a subject of study in the implementation of UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. The question on implementation by Ukraine of its commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide. In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in Ukraine adopted several state programs, including the National Action Plan on Renewable Energy in 2020, the updated Energy Strategy of Ukraine till 2030. To encourage the development of renewable energy, renewable energy and alternative fuels in Ukraine in the Tax and Customs Code introduced provisions that provided significant incentives for energy companies that produce energy from renewable sources. Ukraine proposed to increase investment in programs to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas climate impact by doubling the existing tax rates for air emissions of greenhouse gases. Increased use of renewable energy sources in the energy balance of Ukraine also will help increase diversity of energy sources and contribute to the energy independence.
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    Перспективні “нетрадиційні” ринкові ніші ЄС для експорту вітчизняної продукції
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Жежуха, В. Й.; Кухтяк, К. А.
    Виокремлено й охарактеризовано окремі перспективні “нетрадиційні” ринкові ніші ЄС для експорту вітчизняної продукції, а також виявлено основні проблеми, пов’язані із зайняттям таких ніш українськими експортерами. Проаналізовано динаміку українського експорту в країни ЄС, а також ідентифіковано основні проблеми у цій сфері. Розглянуто перспективи експортного потенціалу українських товарів. Охарактеризовано ринок органічної продукції ЄС як перспективний напрям експорту українських товарів. У цьому контексті розглянуто динаміку зростання обсягів світового ринку органічної їжі та напоїв. Обґрунтовано перспективи впровадження власної товарної марки (ВТМ або Private Label) у європейських супермаркетах і наведено приклади вітчизняних виробників, що реалізовують власну продукцію у межах ЄС. Одне із важливих завдань роботи – надати практичні рекомендації українським виробникам органіки та іншого асортименту товарів у виході на ринки ЄС і зайняття ними перспективних “нетрадиційних” ринкових ніш. Проаналізована значна кількість вітчизняних та іноземних наукових праць, матеріалів періодичних видань та результатів експертних досліджень, що робить роботу актуальною і практично значущою. External activity of any countries has a great influence on both national and global economics. In particular export, as it usually has a direct impact on GDP growth. Recently we can see dramatic changes in trade partners of Ukraine. We can say that nowadays the main consumer of Ukrainian products is the EU. In this article we did an analysis of the structure of Ukrainian exports to the EU, identifying the main obstacles for domestic business of using the autonomous preferences. In one of the main parts of that article it is described the EU organic market as a promising area for Ukrainian organic goods export. We examined the dynamics of demand growth of organic food and beverages in the European market. What is more we also highlighted what are the main obstacles for Ukrainian organic producers to enter EU market and provided them with practical recommendations for solving them. Besides that we analyze one of the most perspective ways of realization of domestic export – using Private Label (PL). It became very popular to create PL within famous European retail networks and it is written few examples of Ukrainian producers who realize their products under Private Label of different famous retailers. To analyze the problems and prospects of export of domestic products to the EU market we used methods of scientific research, comparison, generalization and systematization. Besides that we also used different expert evaluation methods. For identifying problems of export of domestic products to the EU market, we used summary tables of statistical material. The main purpose of this article is to provide Ukrainian producers of organics and other assortment of goods with practical guidance for entering the EU markets. In order to do that we used a lot of domestic and foreign theorists and practitioners works, statistical data, the results of expert studies, economic reviews, information accounting, financial and management reporting domestic companies, Internet resources and regulations public authorities.
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    Маргіналізм в аспекті міжкультурного виміру міжнародної трудової міграції
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Гуменюк, Ю. П.
    Доведено потребу дослідження міжнародного руху робочої сили з міждисциплінарних позицій, що дасть можливість примножити економічну теорію новим трактуванням причин, умов та наслідків трудової міграції. Розвинений погляд на маргінальність трудового емігранта як ресурсу, що сприяє багатоманітності взаємопроникнення культур народів, поєднаних трудоміграційними коридорами, формуючи в такий спосіб новий напрямок глобалізації – глобалізацію культури та розвиток її традиційних проявів. It has been proved the researches necessity of international labor movement from crossdisciplinary perspectives that can increase the economic theory by new interpretations of labor migration causes, conditions and consequences. It has been formulated five-stage model of international work force migration from the aspect of changing social status of a person, as the consequence of changes in his/her work force quality; within this model it has been proved that international labor migration should be consider as a social lift that determines the global fluctuation of regional productivity. At the same time, the importance of regional productivity depends on several factors among which a special place occupies the socio-cultural environment of the existing work force. However, in a situation where the migrant workers along with the economically active population of the country form the available work force, the socio-cultural environment becomes a clash sphere of adepts’ cultures. The cultural adaptation in the host society depends on which social class the immigrant flows to (from the country of other level of development). Based on the comparison of intercultural integration and development prospects of the USA metropolitan cities, it has been marked out the positive factors that potentially make circumstances of sustainable globalization, which will caused the positive consequences for all ethnic groups and social stratum of planet population. From the historical aspect, it has been given a characterization of migrant concepts of “melting Pot” and “multiculturalism” as closely related stages of social and economic integration of foreigners with local communities. It has been developed a view of marginality of labor immigrant as a resource that promotes the diversity of cultures interpenetration of combined by labor migration corridors, creating a new trend of globalization - the globalization of culture and the development of its traditional manifestations. It is also focused on the mutual commitment between the receiving and sending societies, the object of which is migrant worker, as the personification of homeland household.
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    Оцінювання інноваційного розвитку машинобудівних підприємств за допомогою методології виробничих функцій
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Скворцов, Д. І.
    Досліджуються питання можливості використання методології виробничих функцій під час економічного оцінювання інноваційності розвитку машинобудівних підприємств. Вплив науково-технічного прогресу проявляється у тому, що на заміну старої технології приходить нова. А оскільки технологія описується виробничими функціями, то послідовними змінами функцій можна дослідити і вплив науково-технічного прогресу. Особливістю такого застосування є використання класичних методів виробничих функцій на мікрорівні – окреме підприємство. The rapid changes in science and technology determine the need for innovative models of development of Ukrainian machine-building enterprises. But in the economic literature on evaluation and modeling of innovative development at the enterprise level is not open. This is because the simulation of scientific and technological progress is mainly engaged in the study of macroeconomic processes. Therefore it is extremely important to the development of innovative assessment methods for modeling of microeconomic processes, ie for the study of individual enterprise. The first model of the innovative type of evaluation was proposed R. Solou. According to this model the main factors of economic growth (savings rate, the growth rate of scientific and technological progress and population) were evaluated separately (empirically) and included as individual performance. This line of research evaluating innovative development in the economic literature called “theory of exogenous development." Improving the efficiency of economic systems under the “theory of exogenous development” does not depend on the growth of investment and the number of labor involved, and is a separate independent process. That such a process is autonomous and called “independent (neutral) scientific and technical process.” Traditionally considered three types of neutrality by Hicks, Harrod and Solow. Simulation neutral conditions of scientific and technological progress by Hicks, Harrod and Solow compared consist of two businesses - a benchmark the existing and new (innovative). Since all of these kinds of scientific and that for this type of enterprise-level match situation where, along with conditional existing enterprise (unit shop), which correspond to the output indicators established new (typical for areas where it is not possible to stop the production process). Thus, in the article the possibility of using the methodology of production functions for modeling microeconomic processes, including scientific and technical progress for Hicks. Undoubtedly, these models are a significant contribution to economic theory. However, it is inherent one drawback that is inherent in all production methodology funk¬tsiy - they do not establish the link between the cost of resources and the result (profit). These are classic models to describe the economy in which businesses operate for productive activities as such, that is making the necessary products to make a profit without purpose (characteristic of plannedadministrative economy). While further research is necessary to apply adequate economic models that meet the real development of economic systems. Such a development is most relevant innovative development of manufacturing process, which suggested Kalecki.
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    Детермінація основних засобів підприємств в умовах інвестиційного розвитку
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Пирог, О. В.; Стельмах, Х. П.
    Досліджено питання детермінації основних засобів, розглянуто особливості їх трактування в умовах інвестиційного розвитку підприємств. Проблеми інвестиційного середовища змушують шукати способи ефективного функціонування підприємств. Зосередженість на процесі інвестування основних засобів розкриває проблематику діяльності в умовах інвестиційного розвитку та економічних переваг підприємства. Досягнення інвестиційних цілей підприємств та реалізація стратегії розвитку є одними із головних аспектів ефективної діяльності підприємств в умовах несприятливого інвестиційного середовища України. This article explores the question of determination fixed assets, the features of their treatment in terms of investment development. Problems of investment environment to seek ways to make effective functioning of enterprises. The focus on investing of the fixed assets reveals problems in terms of investment and economic benefits of enterprise. Achieving investment objectives and implementing business development strategies are some of the main aspects by effective operation of enterprises in the unfavorable investment climate in Ukraine. Large companies are a catalyst for technological progress, but there are a number of small companies that need investment and development. However, the dynamics of the operation of large companies easier to adapt by the changing economic situation, modernize fixed assets and apply a new approach to the implementation of investment strategies based on investment growth. The concept of “development” - the action; process, resulting in a change in quality, qualitative transition from one state to another, higher. Investment in terms of the main competitive advantage is technological lead over competitors, is the ability to create new technology and high-tech, high-tech products. Therefore, as soon as possible is the immediate formation of such principles of innovation and investment policy, which would be able to provide a robust growth path. Fixed assets related to the investment process development by investment. Investment in fixed assets is a measure of capital costs. This applies to any investment during the period of measurement of physical assets such as investment in infrastructure, real estate, machinery, equipment, held for more than one year. Fixed assets, as material inputs require constant updates, so the investment aims and the main investment objectives and investment strategy in the context of investment projects. In the future, studies the concepts of “fixed assets” should take into account that no single correct interpretation leads to inaccurate classification. Therefore, we must pay attention to the peculiarities of their determination and investment, as the basis of the production process.
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    Інноваційні рішення у системі маркетингових комунікацій підприємства
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Косар, Н. С.; Кузьо, Н. Є.; Притула, С. В.
    Встановлена доцільність використання новітніх інноваційних рішень у системі маркетингових комунікацій підприємства. Розглянуто основні різновиди інноваційних маркетингових комунікацій у напрямку реалізації сучасних маркетингових концепцій. Визначено переваги та недоліки окремих концепцій маркетингу, які найбільше впливають на систему просування товарів підприємства. Особливу увагу приділено засобам Інтернет-маркетингу та перспективам його використання в Україні. Подано характеристику інструментів психологічного впливу на споживача у системі просування товарів на ринку. The successful development of enterprises in the market is associated with the use of their innovations. The necessity of using the latest innovative solutions in the system of marketing communications company is established. The main types of innovative communications towards implementing modern marketing concepts are considered. The advantages and disadvantages of individual marketing concepts, which have a major impact on the promotion of enterprise products such as Internet marketing, mobile marketing, neuromarketing and marketing 3.0 are determined. Particular attention is paid to the means of online marketing as a sales channel and promotion of products such as corporate site registration site in catalogs and search engines, sites companions, contextual advertising, media advertising, advertising on widgets, product placement in online gaming, affiliate marketing, SMM (promotion of social networks) and CMO (site optimization for social networking), SEM (search engine marketing), site ranking and comparing products, podcasting, blogging, means of viral marketing, direct mail, e-CRMsystems, background advertising and Rich media. The Internet space is essential part of the media market these days, not only for advertisers, but also for traditional media. Ukrainian society he already shows signs of intellectual, young and innovative environment. Despite the gradual growth of Internet-communications in Ukraine, its real potential is not yet involved, still Internet technologies are promising and attractive communication tool for businesses. Further growth of Internet communications is largely associated with the constant increase in the number of Internet users who use it to obtain information necessary goods. The half of all consumers are interested in receiving reports of goods and services by email. Due to permanent presence in the virtual space of Internet users formed certain habits and ways of using tools and information sources. At the core of mobile marketing is the use of modern technologies and formats of information transmission in cellular networks: voice, text, graphics, video and photo information, and technologies to implement non-verbal interactive communication. Integration with other media opportunities in the mobile technology is very high. The main methods neuromarketing depend on the sensations impact. It is established that they are formed at the intersection of economics, neuroscience, psychology and medicine and are based on determining the motivation of consumers. The special role of video and Innovation in it is found. The characterization tools psychological impact on consumers in the promotion of products on the market are 3D, X3D, Ground FX, tryvizora, interactive table, TransLook, Smart Checkout, projection and virtual storefronts, interactive panels, Virtual footwear wall, “virtual promoter”. In order to achieve a synergistic effect established the need to combine the principles of online marketing and mobile marketing concepts such as neuromarketing and Marketing 3.0 to increase brand capital goods in the market. The feasibility declaration of social responsibility in their brand promotion, assigning them a specific human nature is determined.
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    Істотність афірмації фінансової звітності для її визнання інструментарієм у новій архітектоніці фінансової системи і фондових ринків
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Яремко, І. Й.; Пилипенко, Л. М.
    Досліджено вплив недостатньої релевантності і формалізації інформаційної бази на кризовий і біфуркаційний характер фінансової системи і фондових ринків. Окреслено передумови формування нової архітектоніки цих інститутів. Наведено результати порівняльного аналізу якості формалізованих у публічній звітності компаній і неформалізованих показників, що використовуються на ринках капіталу та інвестицій. Обґрунтована доцільність використання адаптованого формату публічної фінансової звітності одним з ключових інструментів у процесах формування нової архітектоніки фінансових і фондових ринків. Influence of insufficient relaventnist and formalizations of informative base are investigational on crisis and bifurcational character of the financial system and fund markets. Pre-conditions of forming of new architectonics of these institutes are outlined. Results over of comparative analysis of quality of the companies and unformalized indexes used on capital and investments markets formalized in the public accounting are brought. Expediency of the use of the adapted format of the public financial reporting is reasonable one of key instruments in the processes of forming of new architectonics of financial and fund markets. It is well-proven that one of principal reasons and consequence of the crisis phenomena in a world economy, vagueness on the markets of capitals and investments, a range of problems of objective evaluation of separate economic subjects is transparent and relevant null formalized, information. Argued, that one of important aspects in these processes there is a question of decision of range of problems in relation to a parity (asymmetricness) the use is in newly formed architectonics of financial and fund markets of basis of research and information base of the formalized (driven to the financial reporting) and unformalized (got an expert way) indexes. Supposition, is done that record-keeping as a socio-economic institute, that, informatively providing a management on all levels, is able in sort to signal about economic crises, is important. The generalized applied facts allow to draw conclusion, that the excessive use of the unformalized informative base, the “creative” methods of her working cause the galloping processes of virtualization of capital, display what finds expression in hybridization of financial instruments. In turn hybrid instruments become all more dangerous through the instability, virtualness, by an orientation to increase and forming of extraordinarily difficult infrastructure, inclusive within the framework of that they confess a value. A break becomes all anymore between the market and balance value of modern companies. That at forming of limits of new financial architectonics substantial an institutional design must become becomes obvious, in particular taking of more meaningful role (base, auxiliary) to the formalized indexes of public financial. After materials of the article in relation to the orientation of further researches drawn conclusion, that major institutes that form institutional space pull out the row of requirements to the change of conceptually-methodological principles of the registration-current system, basic from that are approaching of book value of subject of market economy to his market estimation, providing of possibilities of evaluation of efficiency of his functioning on the measure of the created value. Formulations of new format of institutional environment, grant of the corrected maintenance of formal and informal institutes require substantial adaptation to these changes of the system of account and financial reporting as important constituent of research and information tool of management and adjusting of financially-economic processes.
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    Методи оцінювання кон’юнктури ринку автомобілебудівної продукції
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Терлецька, В. О
    Досліджено підходи та методи оцінювання кон’юнктури ринку. Визначено, що оцінювання кон’юнктури ринку – надзвичайно складний та громіздкий процес, оскільки передбачає оцінювати не тільки стан ринку, його особливості і характер, а й чинники впливу на кон’юнктуру ринку. Проаналізовано існуючі методи оцінювання кон’юнктури ринку. Представлено характеристику підходів до оцінювання кон’юнктури ринку у табличній формі. Розглянуто і проаналізовано вказані підходи. Розроблено модель оцінювання кон’юнктури ринку, удосконалено та подано класифікацію показників кон’юнктури. In modern conditions of economic activity to the economic issues are particularly important to study methods of evaluation of market conditions, as they are extremely essential to obtain the current, objective and complete information concerning the state of the market. So the question about the role and importance methods of evaluation at present market conditions are particularly relevant. As the issue the evaluation of market conditions is one of the most difficult types of marketing research - covers an extensive range of issues in relation to choice and economic justification methods, techniques, methods of evaluation, indicators of market conditions, etc., and provides quantitative and qualitative (visual) assessment state of the market, trends of the development, nature and characteristics of the market, efficiency of functioning of enterprises in industry, economic situation in the market, determination ponderability of factors of market conditions, etc., and is aimed at the integral evaluation of economic performance in general - is an assessment of trends and patterns development of the market influenced by factors of market conditions. To achieve this goal the following objectives have been formulated. To achieve this goal required the following tasks: to investigate methods for evaluating market conditions; to analyse existing methods of assessment of market conditions; to investigate and improve of indicators of market conditions. The article explores the approaches and methods of the evaluation of market conditions. The author determines that the assessment of market conditions is an extremely complex and cumbersome process, that involves not only assess the state of the market, its features and character, but also factors of influencing the market conditions. Methods for evaluating the market conditions have been presented. Characterization of approaches to the evaluation of market conditions has been illustrated in tables. These approaches have been considered and analyzed. Model of the assessment of market conditions has been developed. Classification of indicators of market conditions has been represented and improved. The study of market trends, peculiarities of its operation, the nature and state of the market impacts, causation allows to explore, analyze and generate information and create analytical basis for determining priority research areas for the development of integrated methods for assessing the market conditions. In today’s researchers focused attention on the study of individual methods of evaluation of market conditions for specific sectors, while at the present stage of development necessary are essential integrated assessment methods that combine various combinations of existing techniques and allow systematically evaluate the market conditions, state of the industry and its character. Review of scientific literature [1-8] and studies of existing approaches to the assessment of the market conditions makes it possible to isolate and analyze two approaches to assessment. The first approach is to evaluate the market conditions in relation to evaluation of its condition through the use of universal methods of assessment, namely: economic and mathematical methods, statistical, empirical, expert and others. The second approach consists to assessment the factors of the market conditions that affect the market situation, and researcher is developing a method for evaluating, in which researcher defines the classification criteria and indicators for assessment (enterprise sector) independently and individually. This approach focuses on the use of a set of indicators that reflect the characteristics, nature, status and trends of the market conditions certain types of products (industry).
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    Розвиток аутсорсингу та його форм: український та зарубіжний аспекти
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Сухоняк, С. О.
    Проаналізовано причини розвитку аутсорсингу у перерізі вітчизняного та іноземного ринку. Значним поштовхом до розвитку аутсорсингу у світі став розвиток інформаційних технологій, які фактично дали змогу подолати низку міжнаціональних бар’єрів та перешкод. Високий рівень підготовки вітчизняних фахівців з інформаційних технологій забезпечив перерозподіл значної частини світових аутсорсингових потоків на користь України і вітчизняні фрілансери та аутсорсингові компанії стали активними світовими постачальниками товарів та послуг у сфері аутсорсингу. Оскільки аутсорсинг є новим терміном для вітчизняної науки та практики, відсутнє чітке визначення цього поняття. Тому автор проаналізував визначення поняття “аутсорсинг” із виокремленням основних аспектів та елементів. Усі сформовані визначення поділено за такими домінуючими аспектами: цільовий, процесний, стратегічний та стейкхолдерський. Досліджено також форми та типи аутсорсингу у вітчизняній та зарубіжній практиках. Запропоновано аутсорсинг поділяти за такими критеріями класифікації: видом ресурсів, охопленням, рівнем, сферою, видами діяльності, видом комунікації, екстериторіальністю, рівнем формалізації, способом взаємодії між організацією та аутсорсиром, тривалістю співпраці між суб’єктами ринку. In the article it was analyzed the main reasons of outsourcing on domestic and foreign markets. Among the dominant reasons of outsourcing development it was identified the need for optimization of business processes in the organization, improvement of level of competitiveness, transfer of non-core functions and processes to partners with the aim to save costs, better access to resources or distribution. A major impetus for the development of outsourcing in the world has been the development of information technologies, which effectively helped to overcome a number of international barriers and obstacles. The high level of Ukrainian domestic professionals provide significant redistribution of global outsourcing streams and domestic freelancers and outsourcing companies have become active global suppliers of goods and services in outsourcing contracts. Outsourcing is a new term for domestic science and practice and it has no still a clear definition of the term. Therefore, the author has analyzed a number of definitions of “outsourcing” underlined the most popular form and the main aspects and elements. All formed definitions are divided according to the following dominant aspects – target (describes the range of the main goals and objectives are achieved through the use of outsourcing in the enterprise), process (transferring certain, usually secondary functions, certain tasks or phases of production and business activities to suppliers of goods and services that are not of interest to the enterprise, including its main objectives), strategic (it is to improve existing corporate or business strategy, specific functional or operational strategies or production-based outsourcing entirely new strategies to obtain competitive advantages and achieve higher levels of competitiveness on the market) and stakeholder (outsourcing helps to obtain a new balance between the interests of stakeholders in the enterprise by involving suppliers, competitors, customers or other stakeholders to build common business processes). Analysis of practice showed that outsourcing can be used at any level of government - strategic, operational or tactical. The author clearly divided the process of outsourcing and supplies using the following criteria: purpose, organization, support partner, index of optimization, the efficiency, the time spent and functional impact. Also it was investigated the forms and types of outsourcing in domestic and foreign practices. An outsourcing divided in the following classification criteria: type of resources, scope, level, scope, activities, and type of communication on extraterritoriality, the level of formality, the method of interaction between the organization and providers, duration of the cooperation between market players. The features of each types and forms of outsourcing using were proposed. Outsourcing is a modern form of cooperation between the different subjects of the market that allows organizations to get beneficial results both in the short and long period. Such cooperation has the potential and opportunities for intensive development in higher developed countries and in Ukraine. It is important to choose for each transaction and the circumstances of the optimum form of outsourcing.
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    Детермінанти конкурентного розвитку вітчизняних підприємств
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Полянська, А. С.; Поплавська, Ж. В.
    Розглянуто детермінанти конкурентного розвитку національних економік та окреслено шляхи досягнення конкурентних переваг вітчизняними підприємствами, виділено ключові індикатори економічного розвитку, який є основою формування конкурентного потенціалу, охарактеризовано чинники, що впливають на конкурентоспроможність бізнесу, виділено можливі способи позиціювання вітчизняних підприємств на національних та міжнародних ринках, обґрунтовано напрями вирішення питання підвищення конкурентоспроможності вітчизняних промислових підприємств. The article investigates the determinants of the competitive development of national economies and ways of competitive advantages achieving by domestic enterprises; allocates the key indicators of economic development, which is the basis of a competitive potential; characterizes the factors affecting the competitiveness of businesses; identifies possible ways of domestic companies positioning at the domestic and international markets; justifies the directions of domestic enterprises competitiveness increasing questions solving. The renewal of economic growth is an objective condition for Ukraine’s integration with the developed world’s economic system. Processes and trends which are occurring in the global economy put their imprint on the economic processes in Ukraine. And the first this applies to industrial enterprises activities those are producers of wealth, the source of GDP growth, the field for the development and implementation of innovative solutions, the means of financial resources accumulation and the sphere of their usage for recovery of economic growth. The consequences of the global economic crisis are demonstrated that the basis of economic growth is material production. Domestic production is characterized by stagnation process. Despite this it is the necessity not only in crisis management, but also in the long-term strategic management focused on competitive development, under which we consider sustainable progress of an object, which can be a company, region, country. And one of the main enterprises’ operation. The most important points of Ukraine positions growth were increasing of trust to public institutions, increasing of domestic markets efficiency, increasing of the people’s share that are educated, and also the widespread usage of IT communications in business and private life. However, it are remained the old unsolved problems, including inefficient institutional environment and the dominance of large enterprises.. In general, Ukraine has maintained the previous competitive advantages, though their list is not long. These conclusions are based primarily on the good education system and the size of the market. To achieve a high level of competitiveness the emphasis is made on the efficiency increasing and business productivity. It should be noted that the determinants of national economies competitive development determine the strategy and policy of competitive development of individual enterprises. Their success will depend on the such determinants of growth in the economy: starting level of development, that means the level that existed at the time, from which we start counting rate of development; human capital, that means the level of education; internal domestic economic conditions, that means economic system; external economic conditions. However, each company being interested in achieving of profitable operations due to meet consumer needs independently decides ways and means of competitive advantage achieving. In solving of this problem does not lose relevance to Ukraine such tool of competitiveness achieving as positioning. It should be noted that trying to achieve competitive advantages, based on the desire to compete at local regional, national or international markets the company should gradually and consistently transform the potential opportunities into driving forces. In the domestic market, competing conditions are the same for all businesses. Somewhat different is the situation on foreign markets where dominate the other needs, requirements, terms and conditions of business. Among the determinants of domestic enterprises competitive development that are participants of foreign economic relations the priority requires have the following: conformity to the international regulatory and legal framework; technical conditions (specifications); management. Of course, it is difficult to compete with countries which underline the productivity growth of innovative enterprises whereas the innovation activity is much lower at the domestic enterprises. However, the criterion of efficiency is the starting point to competitiveness increase of the domestic enterprises and the economy as a whole.
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    Основні чинники підвищення конкурентоспроможності виробничого потенціалу промислових підприємств
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Петрович, Й. М.
    Зроблено спробу висвітлити основні чинники підвищення конкурентоспроможності виробничого потенціалу промислових підприємств у динамічних умовах прискореного науково-технічного прогресу та ринкових умовах господарювання, розкрити їх змістове наповнення та окреслити сферу їх впливу і результативність на підвищення конкурентоспроможності виробничого потенціалу промислових підприємств. The article attempted in general to identify and substantiate factors that take an influence on improving the competitiveness of the production potential of industrial enterprises. In this form, these factors are shown in two groups: technical and technological, organizational and economic nature. Depending on the object and subject of research and its purpose each group of factors has to be detailed in order to thoroughly consider them the most influence in the development of specific projects or organizational and technical measures implemented and targeted at specific companies to improve their competitive potential. Particular attention should be given to consideration and the impact of these factors in the development and implementation of projects to modernize industry and prepare them for the production of innovative content, which is competitive on domestic and foreign markets. Factors have technical and technological focus is the foundation on the basis of which not only formed, but developing competitive potential, as their impact is materialized in technical and technological base of enterprises, accompanied by a significant improvement in its quality performance and increasing capacity and are prerequisites for the production of competitive products. This is achieved through the development and introduction in enterprises of the relevant organizational and technical measures to bottlenecks in throughput of individual production units, in particular update the technological equipment, to modernize existing, introduce new processes, implement measures related to partial or comprehensive mechanization and automation of manufacturing processes.
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    Значення та класифікація небезпек в управлінні внутрішньою безпекою
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Ліманський, А.
    Виокремлено характерні загрози внутрішньої безпеки у контексті динамічно змінного середовища. Наголошено на ролі та актуальності визначення небезпеки та її запобіганні в процесі управління внутрішньою безпекою. Оговорено класифікацію небезпек щодо однорідних груп відповідно до багатьох диверсифікованих критеріїв класифікації. Зроблено наголос на зростаючому значенні міжнаціональних, невійськових небезпек, запобігання яких вимагає багатосторонніх підходів, що ґрунтуються на залученні агентів та агентств з національних держав. The article aims to outline characteristics of threats to homeland security in the context of dynamically changing environment. In this way, the role and significance of hazard identification and danger prevention in the process of homeland security management are emphasized. The text, furthermore, postulates a taxonomy of dangers grouped into relatively homogenous sets according to a plethora of diversified classification criteria. In this context, the article lays a specific stress on increase in the significance of transnational, non-military dangers whose prevention requires a multilateral approach based upon engagement of agents and agencies from a number of nation states.
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    Проблеми розкриття інформації у звітності суб’єктів господарювання у контексті сталого розвитку
    (Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Максимів, Ю. В.
    Розкрито важливість формування звітності зі сталого розвитку вітчизняними суб’єктами господарювання, оскільки вона є інструментом, який сприяє налагодженню партнерських відносин з провідними світовими компаніями, державними інституціями й іншими групами зацікавлених сторін, а також є важливим чинником конкурентної боротьби. Проаналізовано основні формати звітів зі сталого розвитку, які прийняті у світі й окреслено можливості їх використання в Україні. Виявлено причини незначного поширення практики звітування вітчизняними підприємствами про соціальні й екологічні аспекти їх діяльності. Described the importance of making reporting on sustainable development by domestic entities regardless of their kind of size and activity, as it enables action to correct leadership in the strategic management through risk identification business; promotes partnerships with both domestic entities and with leading companies and public institutions, and other stakeholder groups; is an important factor of competition when entering international markets or participate in implementing government programs or projects of large private institutions. Proved that for large entities, as well as those who represent the public interest, it is necessary to legislatively regulate the procedure, the timing and method of publication of reports on sustainable development, while all other business entities must themselves be aware of the feasibility of disclosing information about its activities in the context of positive or negative influence on society. Business can be Socially responsible, regardless of its size, and even small businesses can create qualitatively new conditions of competition and to promote the development of enterprises in the context of sustainable development. Analyzed the basic formats of reports on sustainable development, which are in the world (report of progress implementing the principles of the Global Compact, Report on Sustainable Development, prepared according to the requirements of the system of the Global Reporting Initiative, Report by the standard AA1000, etc.), and outlined their possible use in Ukraine. It is proved that the first step to the disclosure of the entity in the context of the impact on society can become more efficient use of explanatory notes. Described the opinion that in terms of attracting additional economic benefits for companies statements are required by GRI, is more important than a report generated to fulfill commitments to implement the 10 principles of the UN. This is due primarily to the fact that it shows not only contribute to the development of the entity’s social, environmental and other socially significant projects, as well as their strengths to attract investors. Identified the causes slight widespread practice of domestic enterprises reporting about social and environmental aspects of their activities, the main ones are: the requirement of disclosure of this information in terms of legal regulation; the complexity of the process and the need to involve additional experts; lack of attention on this issue in training of economists in universities and so on.