Менеджмент та підприємництво в Україні: етапи становлення і проблеми розвитку. – 2015. – №819
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://ena.lpnu.ua/handle/ntb/31234
Вісник Національного університету "Львівська політехніка".
До збірника науково-прикладних праць “Менеджмент та підприємництво в України: етапи становлення і проблеми розвитку” увійшли статті, які відображають проблеми менеджменту, підприємництва, інвестиційної та інноваційної діяльності, управління національною економікою України тощо. Для працівників підприємств, банків, інвестиційних та інноваційних структур, органів державного управління, викладачів вищих навчальних закладів, науковців, аспірантів та студентів економічних спеціальностей.
Вісник Національного університету «Львівська політехніка». Серія: Менеджмент та підприємництво в Україні: етапи становлення і проблеми розвитку : збірник наукових праць / Міністерство освіти і науки України, Національний університет «Львівська політехніка» ; голова Редакційно-видавничої ради Н. І. Чухрай. – Львів : Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015. – № 819. – 476 с. : іл.
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Item Інвестиційно-інноваційне забезпечення модернізації основного капіталу(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Ткач, С. М.На основі аналізу динаміки інвестування в Україні встановлено ключові тенденції та проблемні питання інвестиційного забезпечення модернізації основного капіталу. Здійснено порівняльний аналіз інноваційної діяльності в Україні та країнах ЄС. Визначено ключові напрями інвестування модернізації основного капіталу з врахуванням інноваційного аспекту і запропоновано заходи для збільшення обсягів інвестування за цими напрямами. The growth ensurement of an economy is not possible without proper technical and technological base. A problem of tendentious increase of depreciation of fixed assets and a low level of its renewal exists in Ukraine. Accordingly, an important issue is the research of investment-innovative approach to modernization of fixed assets. The article aims to identify the key issues of investment-innovative ensurement of modernization of fixed assets and substantiate the directions and measures of their solution. In the research used general scientific and special methods: analysis and synthesis, economic and statistical, structural and factor analysis, dialectic, formal and systemic and structural, graphics. On the basis of analysis of dynamics of development of investment activity for the last five years was identify the basic problems of the investment providing of modernization in Ukraine: deficit of volumes of investments for maintenance of the fixed assets in the proper technical and technological state; reduction of investing is from outsourcing of financing; inefficient distribution of capital investments is after kinds and directions of assets with prevailing of investing of passive part of the fixed assets; subzero innovative activity of enterprises. In Ukraine in the types of economic activity, those are basis of IV-V of the technological models, the insignificant volumes of investments were attracted relatively. Innovative activity in industry carried on in over three times in percent correlation less enterprise, than in the countries of EU. Among directions of bringing in of investments acquisition of machines, equipment and software prevails in an innovation. On the basis of the educed problems the key trends of investing of modernization of the fixed assets are certain taking into account an innovative aspect and events offer for the increase of volumes of investing after these directions. For the increase of volumes of investing it is necessary: to extend the sourcing of investments, in particular to stimulate development of the venture investing; to put right close cooperation between the state, scientific establishments and enterprises; to carry out advancement of investment potential of productive sphere. Realization of these tasks is possible by means of acceptance of such measures : to work out the government program of stimulation of innovative activity and programs of support of small innovative active enterprises, in regions to create innovative clusters on the basis of academic and educational establishments, to the enterprises effectively to use possibilities of collaboration of Ukraine from EU through participating in international under backs, competitions, projects, to develop innovative strategy put right close cooperation between the participants of market for the sake of distribution of risks and cost cutting in the process of realization innovative activity.Item Інститути та інновації: проблеми та механізми взаємодії(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Тимошенков, І. В.; Нащекіна, О. М.Охарактеризовано місце і роль інновацій у соціально-економічному розвитку України. Розглянуто інституційні основи інноваційного розвитку економіки. Проаналізовано напрями та форми взаємодії інститутів та інновацій. Визначено завдання вдосконалення інститутів в Україні як ключової умови та основи інноваційного розвитку країни. The goal of this paper is to substantiate theoretical and methodological principles and practical tasks for the improvement and advancement of the system of societal institutions in the context of ensuring the innovative development of Ukraine. Based on this goal, the following research tasks were formulated: to identify and characterize the place and role of innovations in the social and economic development of a country; to analyze directions and forms of interactions between institutions and innovations; to identify institutional foundations for innovative development of a society. Conceptual unity of the study was ensured due to using both general and specific methods of research, including statistical sampling methods, conjoint analysis, content-analysis. Under the conditions of deepening globalization and intensifying international competition, national innovation systems have transformed from a mainly internal factor of economic development to one of the most important determinants of international competitiveness of countries and a factor ensuring the strength of national security systems. It is widely accepted in modern mainstream economic science, as well as in the society as a whole, that to solve their problems related to innovative development, both developing countries and transition economies must adopt institutional models which have proved to be successful in economically developed foreign countries, and first of all in those that occupy the top positions in global rankings of the world’s most innovative countries (Switzerland, Great Britain, Sweden, Finland, the Netherlands, USA, Singapore, Denmark, Luxembourg, Hong Kong). However, as global historical experience shows, the forms of innovations, directions of innovative development and evaluations of innovation implementation results are always determined by specific historical, cultural and institutional conditions created by a specific society, which can promote or impede innovative development. That is why, when declaring the improvement of the national innovation system as a strategic direction of the development of Ukraine, one should take into account that, on the one hand, the creation and implementation of an effective national strategy of the innovative development require a profound rethinking of global historical experience through studies of meaning, place and role of innovations in the social-economic and cultural development of the society. On the other hand, it would be largely erroneous to borrow (or even worse to blindly copy) specific institutional models of a national innovation system and mechanisms of its functioning, which have proved to be progressive and effective in other countries under specific historical conditions of their development. The practical adoption in Ukraine of imported from outside institutions supporting innovative development, which are common and work well in other countries, will be appropriate and worthwhile under the following conditions: first, if the feasibility and effectiveness of their adjustment to general cultural, socio-economic and institutional conditions in Ukraine can be proved; second, if prior to their adoption, a systematic evaluation of their advantages and possible consequences under the real life conditions for their implementation and subsequent use is made.Item Особливості розвитку інноваційної інфраструктури України(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Степанюк, Н. А.Виділено основні завдання інноваційної інфраструктури, що мають виконуватися в Україні. Досліджено сучасний регіональний підхід до формування інноваційної структури в Україні. Проаналізовано іноземний досвід створення і розвитку інноваційної інфраструктури. Запропоновано створення національної інноваційної системи, яка забезпечить сприятливий інноваційний клімат для розвитку інноваційної інфраструктури. The article distinguish the main tasks of innovation infrastructure that must be carry out in Ukraine. The modern regional approach to the forming of innovation structure in Ukraine is researched. There is analyzed international experience of creation and development of innovation infrastructure in it. In the artile it is offered an establishment of a national innovation system that it will provide a favorable innovation climate for development of innovation infrastructure. Ukraine stands in the way of innovation development of economy and choice in this country. Significant natural resources in Ukraine, the use of which would give the opportunity to build on this basis its development there. It is necessary to realize their intellectual potential, which is the basis of innovation economy and increase its competitiveness. The innovation process in developed countries – is that combining science, technology, economics, business, management, covering the full range of relations of production, exchange, consumption. Behind all this is a series of interconnected organizations small and large companies, universities, laboratories, technology parks and incubators, engaged in the production and conversion of scientific knowledge and technology on a commercial basis. The main source of innovations is the scientific and technical activities, to bridge the implementation of technology in the real economy – technology transfer, and the main player in innovation – research institutions, universities that turn new knowledge into value added tax and wealth.Item Проблеми інноваційного розвитку регіону(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Прохоровська, С. А.; Дяків, О. П.Розкрито роль інновацій як чинника соціально-економічного розвитку регіону, охарактеризовано передумови активізації інноваційної діяльності на прикладі Тернопільської області; визначено основні завдання формування регіональної інноваційної системи та її складові; з’ясовано чинники інноваційної активності найманих працівників; обґрунтовано основні напрямки інноваційної діяльності в Тернопільській області і запропоновано шляхи їхньої реалізації. The role of innovations as a factor of socio-economic development of region is exposed in the article; the pre-conditions of activation of innovative activity are described on the example of the Ternopil area. It is grounded that fundamental scientific research-and-developments and inputs and use of innovative goods are the basis of innovative activity. The necessity of development of innovative politics in a region, that must be aimed at development of scientific research-and-developments, increase of production and realization of scientific products, solution of social problems of use the newest technologies, is well-proven. It is set that is creation of infrastructure of innovative activity is the major task at forming the regional innovative system in region. It is well-proven that fundamental scientific research-and-developments, creation of the system of support and advancement of innovations would be the basic ways of activation of innovative activity in a region. It is set that the effective bringing in of scientific and technical potential to the innovative projects is the important factor of the economy growing and increase of competitiveness of industries of economy. The basic tasks of forming of the regional innovative system and its constituents are certained: productive-technological, consulting, financial, skilled, informative and sale. The problems of innovative development in Ukraine and the region are investigated. Factors that influence on innovative activity of the hired workers are distinguished by priority: professional training and competence, creative capabilities, character of man, requirement in self-realization and self-perfection, requirement in material welfare, entrepreneurship. The influence of self-education, studies to the new professions and increase of level of qualification of workers on innovative development of the Ternopil area is found out. It is well-proven that creation economically of effective workplaces, that will allow to develop creative potential of the hired worker, promote the level of his qualification is the important direction of increase of innovative activity of region.Item Аналіз інноваційної діяльності промислових підприємств України(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2015) Загородній, А. Г.; Бабінська, С. Я.Розглянуто основні напрями інноваційної діяльності та характерні для інновацій ознаки. Проаналізовано інноваційну активність промислових підприємств як загалом в Україні, так і у Львівській області. Наведено динаміку інноваційної діяльності машинобудівної промисловості України, а також дані щодо кількості підприємств та обсягів реалізованої інноваційної продукції за межі України. Проаналізовано джерела фінансування інноваційної діяльності. Визначено основні чинники, які сприятимуть розвитку інноваційної діяльності українських підприємств. Functioning of a business is not possible without conducting innovative activities, which should be aimed at producing the new enterprise competitive basis or updating the existing one. Innovative activities of the company lie in improving the company’s operation as a whole or its particular units in order to gain competitive and economic advantages. The article considers the basic directions of innovative activities and characteristic features of innovations. The innovative activities of industrial enterprises in Ukraine and in Lviv region have been analyzed. As a result, it has been found that the number of industrial enterprises implementing innovations in Ukraine is growing, with the exception of 2008 and 2013. In Lviv region the growth is also observed, except the years 2008, 2010 and 2011. Most of the reductions is due to insufficient funding and level of academic training, imperfection of logistics and others. The article also presents dynamics of enterprises in Ukraine and Lviv region that implemented innovations in 2005 - 2013. The dynamics of innovative activities of machine building industry in Ukraine is shown, the industry taking a significant share of the Ukrainian economy. Statistics show that not many of the innovatively active enterprises of Ukraine sell their innovative products outside Ukraine. This is because the innovations sphere of Ukraine is not attractive to foreign investors as the government directs insufficient funds to developing innovative activities and so on. However, the average volume of the innovative products sold by one enterprise was increasing during the analyzed period, with the exception of 2009. The dynamics of the number of enterprises that sold innovative products outside Ukraine during the analyzed period is presented. The sources of financing innovative activities have been analysed. This analysis shows that the main sources of financing innovative activities are own funds of enterprises and investment funds. A small contribution is made by the state budget. Provided an effective public policy, Ukraine has considerable potential for the development of innovative activities. The main factors that will promote innovative activities of Ukrainian enterprises have been considered. Implementation of these factors will increase the innovative activities of Ukrainian industrial enterprises.