Environmental Problems
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Item Features of adsorption processes for wastewater treatment from zinc ions(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2021-06-01) Petrushka, Ihor; Bratus, Oksana; Petrushka, Kateryna; Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityThe results of adsorption properties of complex natural sorbents in relation to the neutralization of zinc ions from wastewater are presented. The adsorption isotherm of Zn2+ ions on complex sorbents (clinoptilolite-shungite) (1:1) according to Langmuir and Freundlich models is constructed, the type of adsorption isotherms according to S. Brunauer classification is established. The value of the maximum sorption capacity of Gmax complex sorbents for Zn2+ ions is calculated. The peculiarities of the sorption process of zinc ions with the formation of a monomolecular layer based on the calculated coefficients of the Langmuir and Freundlich were found. The optimal conditions for the dependence of the degree of absorption of Zn2+ ions by complex sorbents on the duration of the sorption process are determined. The ratio “solid (complex sorbent) – liquid” was determined experimentally.Item Experimental research of parameters of industrial waters of canning plant and bakery. Analysis of treatment technologies(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2021-06-01) Havryshko, Marianna; Popovych, Olena; Yaremko, Halyna; Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityOne of the industries that uses large amounts of water is the food industry. Industrial, domestic managers of the production process stand out with it and enter the environment surrounded by contaminated effluents. Their main feature is the high content of dissolved organic matter and nitrogen. You can also create wall water to create aggregate-resistant colloids, which include animal and vegetable fats, proteins, starch, sugar, as well as salts, carbohydrates, dyes, thickeners, preservatives. As a result of the technology of treatment of such industrial effluents, is a combination of different technologies and methods of treatment and the creation of several units depending on the parameters of wastewater. The purpose of our work is: 1) Analysis of physical and chemical indicators of industrial waters of food industry enterprises, monitoring of their impact on the environment; 2) to outline perspective directions of technologies of industrial water purification and creation of closed water circulation systems.Item Ecological aspects of alcohol industry enterprises modernization at present stage of development(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2020-02-24) Havryshko, Marianna; Popovych, Olena; Yaremko, Halyna; Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityAt the present stage of development, the entire world industry has faced the problem of rational use of renewable natural resources, in particular the most efficient ways of wastewater treatment and the use of accumulated waste in the production process as secondary raw material. In particular, the alcohol industry, as one of the components of food, medical, chemical and various industries, leads to the formation of a huge amount of waste, including wastewater. The food industry, like any other industry, has a negative impact on the environment. Water bodies are the most affected by the food industry. Almost the first place in terms of water consumption per unit of production is the production of alcohol. Consumption of large amounts of water leads to the formation of wastewater, which is highly polluted and adversely affects the environment. Due to the high chemical and biological consumption of oxygen, specific colour and odor, suspended solids, low pH value, the purification of such waste in the filtration fields, and discharge into water bodies is not possible. The purpose of our work is: 1) the analysis of the alcohol industry potential in Ukraine in recent years, and methods of waste disposal as a potential source for the development of bioenergy. 2) environmental aspects of the alcohol industry modernization at the present stage of development and implementation of modern wastewater treatment technologies.Item Environmental safety management of used packaging of pesticides and other dangerous substances(Видавництво Львівської політехніки, 2020-02-10) Petruk, Roman; Petrushka, Ihor; Pohrebennyk, Volodymyr; Vinnytsia National Technical University; Lviv Polytechnic National UniversityIn Ukraine, there is a problem of environmentally hazardous handling of used packaging of pesticides and other toxic chemicals and hazardous waste which can pose a serious threat to human health and the environment. The paper presents modern methods of disposal of pesticide packaging in the world and the situation in Ukraine. The Ukrainian and world environmental legislations regulating the problem of pesticide packaging management are analyzed. The scheme of processing and disposal of pesticide containers is proposed. Types and materials from which pesticide packaging is made are analyzed. Methods and equipment for washing of pesticide containers and handling of washing solutions are given. As a result, it is recommended to intensify the process of organizing a system for collecting, certifying and setting up licensed pesticide and other hazardous waste disposal facilities, as well as ensuring state support and the use of the best international experience.Item Scientific priorities of the development of environmental research in Odessa National Academy of Food Technologies. The life path of Professor Krusir G. V.(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2019-03-20) Sagdeeva, Olga; Odessa National Academy of Food TechnologiesThe article deals with the main scientific priorities of the development of environmental research in Odessa National Academy of Food Technologies under the leadership of the Head of the Department of Ecology and Environmental Technologies, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor Krusir G. V. Current priorities of her scientific research are the enzymatic catalysis, digestive (hydrolytic) enzymes, immobilization of biologically active substances, biocorrectors of digestive processes, biotechnology, ecobiotechnology, resource efficiency in the food chain, ecological management, biotechnological methods of recycling of the secondary raw materials of food industry into biologically active additives, determination of environmental friendliness of foodstuffs by chemical methods and non-destructive methods, processes of anaerobic fermentation of waste with the formation of biogas, sewage treatment of food production by the method of anaerobic digestion, technology of processing food industry waste into biologically active feed additives and organic fertilizers.Item Conceptual approach to minimalization of environmental hazard for the Pokutsko-Bukovinian Carpathians(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2019-03-20) Masikevych, Andriy; Bukovinian State Medical UniversityThe existing conceptual approaches to assessment of the environmental security of the Eastern Carpathians have been analyzed. The original vision of the mechanism for maintaining sustainable development in the Pokutsko-Bukovinian Carpathians mountain ecosystem is proposed. The methodological approach used to determine the ecological status and the level of environmental safety of mountain areas is based on the use of sanitary-ecological indicators as sensitive determiners of environmental changes under the influence of the anthropogenic factor. For comparison of changes in the mountain ecosystem, the territories of the nature reserve of the mountain region were used as a standard. A system of engineering and management solutions aimed at minimizing environmental hazards in the study area has been developed.Item Socio-psychological essence of attractiveness for the subjects of entrepreneurial activities of adsorption extraction of Nickel ions (II) by bentonite clays(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2019-02-26) Sakalova, Halyna; Palamarchuk, Olha; Vasylinycz, Tamara; Petrushka, Kateryna; Zaharko, Jaroslava; Stocaluk, Oleh; Vinnytsia State Pedagogical University named after Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky; Lviv Polytechnic National University; Lviv State University of Life SafetyThe article considers an actual but not sufficiently developed problem of attractiveness for the subjects of entrepreneurial activity of adsorption extraction of Nickel ions (II) by bentonite clays. The basic social and psychological mechanisms for the adoption of environmentally-oriented activities are analyzed. The styles of entrepreneurs’ response to the attractiveness of adsorption extraction of Nickel ions (II) by bentonite clays are characterized. The process of sorption of Nickel ions (II) with a fixed layer of sorbent by bentonite clays is investigated. The main advantages of using bentonites in water treatment technologies are described: powerful geological reserves, cheap rock formation, simple preparation for transportation and use, the possibility of using spent sorbents in other technologies, eliminating the need for expensive regeneration. The influence of different factors (length of the process, layer of the adsorbent) on the degree of wastewater treatment from Nickel ions, influence of pumping speed on dynamic capacity of the sorbent is investigated and effective volume is determined. The results of the research indicate that the use of natural mineral sorbents, in particular, the bentonite clay of Cherkassy deposit, is promising and effective for purification of waste water from Nickel (II) ions.Item Analysis of ecological safety of emissions from production of carbon products(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2019-02-26) Belokon’, Karina; Belokon’, Yuriy; Klymenko, Larysa; Zaporizhzhia National UniversityThe risk to the health of the population from carbon oxide and hydrocarbon waste influence of carbon producing enterprises is estimated in this work. After analyzing the ecological safety of emissions of the carbon producing enterprises it was determined that their activity belongs to the average level of risk and ability to get respiratory organs diseases, sight, cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases for old people, pregnant women and children.Item Scientific priorities of the development of environmental research in Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture. The life path of Professor Voloskhina O. S.(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2019-02-26) Tkachenko, Tetyana; Kyiv National University of Construction and ArchitectureThe article deals with the main scientific priorities of the development of environmental research in Kiev National University of Construction and Architecture under the leadership of the Head of the Department of Labour Protection and the Environment, Doctor of technical sciences, Professor Voloshkina O. S. Current priorities of her scientific research are: management of ecological safety of atmospheric air in the area of motorway overpasses and formation of photochemical smog; increase in the environmental and energy efficiency of “green building"; introduction of “green structures” into the domestic construction in urbocenoses during the reconstruction and construction of residential and industrial premises; ecological issues in the construction industry.Item Ecological safety predictive modeling concerning fine cocoa dust dispersion, released by confectionery manufacture(Lviv Politechnic Publishing House, 2018-02-01) Iurchenko, Valentina; Lebedeva, Elena; Ponomaryova, Svitlana; Kharkov National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture; Ukrainian Research Institute of Environmental ProblemsIn order to predict ecological safety conserning cocoa dust emission (PM2,5 and PM10), the mathematical modeling of its dispersion was performed considering the atmosphere turbulent diffusion. Necessary gravity sedimentation rate of cocoa dust for modeling was identified during the experimental researches. Obtained results indicate the necessity of intensification of fine particles emission clean-up in the observed confectionery factory.